Phase-contrast and dark-field imaging for the inspection of resin-rich areas and fiber orientation in non-crimp vacuum infusion carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers

Glinz, Jonathan; Šleichrt, Jan; Kytýř, Daniel; Ayalur-Karunakaran, Santhosh; Zabler, Simon; Kastner, Johann; Senck, Sascha

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-05907-0

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The common phenomenon in the liquid composite molding process is the resin-rich zones that cause unwanted residual stress, deformation, and part-to-part variations [33][34][35]. The resin-rich zones are formed during the resin transfer in the molding process [36].…”

Section: Resin-rich Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delamination and Manufacturing Defects in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite: A Review

et al. 2021

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In recent years, most boat fabrication companies use 100% synthetic fiber-reinforced composite materials, due to their high performance of mechanical properties. In the new trend of research on the fabrication of boat structure using natural fiber hybrid with kevlar/fiberglass-reinforced composite, the result of tensile, bending, and impact strength showed that glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite gave high strength with increasing glass fiber contents. At some point, realizing the cost of synthetic fiber is getting higher, researchers today have started to use natural fibers that are seen as a more cost-effective option. Natural fibers, however, have some disadvantages, such as high moisture absorption, due to repelling nature; low wettability; low thermal stability; and quality variation, which lead to the degradation of composite properties. In recent times, hybridization is recommended by most researchers as a solution to natural fiber’s weaknesses and to reduce the use of synthetic fibers that are not environmentally friendly. In addition, hybrid composite has its own special advantages, i.e., balanced strength and stiffness, reduced weight and cost, improved fatigue resistance and fracture toughness, and improved impact resistance. The synthetic–nature fiber hybrid composites are used in a variety of applications as a modern material that has attracted most manufacturing industries’ attention to shift to using the hybrid composite. Some of the previous studies stated that delamination and manufacturing had influenced the performance of the hybrid composites. In order to expand the use of natural fiber as a successful reinforcement in hybrid composite, the factor that affects the manufacturing defects needs to be investigated. In this review paper, a compilation of the reviews on the delamination and a few common manufacturing defect types illustrating the overview of the impact on the mechanical properties encountered by most of the composite manufacturing industries are presented.

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Section: Resin-rich Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delamination and Manufacturing Defects in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Resin-rich zones causing unwanted residual stress, deformation, and part-to-part variation are regarded as the most common phenomenon in the liquid composite moulding process [51][52][53].…”

Section: Variability Due To Consolidation and Resin Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

2022

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Due to the increasing use of the different composite materials in lightweight applications, such as in aerospace, it becomes crucial to understand the different damages occurring within them during life cycle and their possible inspection with different inspection techniques in different life cycle stages. A comprehensive classification of these damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods using a taxonomical approach can help in this direction. In conjunction with the taxonomy, this work addresses damage diagnostics in hybrid and composite materials, such as fibre metal laminates (FMLs). A novel unified taxonomy atlas of damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods is introduced. Analysis methods based on advanced supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, such as autoencoders, self-organising maps, and convolutional neural networks, and a novel z-profiling method, are implemented. Besides formal aspects, an extended use case demonstrating damage identification in FML plates using X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) data is used to elaborate different data analysis techniques to amplify or detect damages and to show challenges.

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“…We only look at the qualitative images while very high-level research focusses on the quantitative aspects. Phase contrast imaging is typically used to differentiate between materials of similar atomic number, where standard absorption contrast (AC) computed tomography shows insufficient contrast [6,7]. In radiographic imaging its is mostly used due to its edge enhancing effects.…”

Section: Setup At the Fh Upper Austriamentioning

confidence: 99%

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

Nafre¹,

Glinz²,

Schulz³

et al. 2022

eJNDT

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For the past century, X-ray imaging has been based on the attenuation of photon beams in a sample. Over the last few years, new imaging techniques called as X-ray phase contrast and dark field imaging have emerged. This method relies on the differential phase shifts of the X-ray wave on electron density gradients or on scattering in the sample. Phase effects enable enhanced imaging contrast for low ‘Z’ materials like plastics, carbon composites or even light metals and alloys. One of the principles for dark field imaging is Talbot-Lau Interferometry which is based on using three gratings. During the past decade, Microworks has produced high contrast gratings using the X-ray LIGA technique. Recently Microworks has started to develop mounting kits for Talbot-Lau interferometers as a product line, TALINT series. The first generation of the TALINT has been implemented at the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria. Some industrially relevant applications with this system will be discussed in this paper. The subsequent version of the TALINT also known as TALINT EDU has also been discussed briefly in the last section of this paper.

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Phase-contrast and dark-field imaging for the inspection of resin-rich areas and fiber orientation in non-crimp vacuum infusion carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Delamination and Manufacturing Defects in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite: A Review

Delamination and Manufacturing Defects in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite: A Review

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

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