Phase formation and decrystallization effects on BaCO3 + 4 Fe3O4 mixtures; a comparison of 83GHz, multimode millimeter-wave and 2.45GHz single mode microwave H-field processing
“…42 Similar observation can be seen in the earlier published results where the influence of microwave heating in the phase formation and decrystallization was observed for BaCO 3 + 4Fe 3 O 4 . 43 Figure 6.Representative surface morphology of the microwave sintered sample (a) Al + 0.5 wt% ZnO and (b) Al + 2 wt% ZnO. The yellow arrow marks in the morphology represent the traces of ZnO phase in the Al matrix material.Figure 7.Surface morphology of the sintered Al + 2 wt% ZnO and corresponding point mapping of the surface.…”
The study focuses on the microstructural, phase transformation, and physical and mechanical aspects of aluminum/zinc oxide composite produced by a hybrid microwave sintering technique. In the present case, zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a cost-effective thermal decomposition method. The obtained zinc oxide nanorods’ length was in the range of 76–168 nm observed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and crystallinity nature was confirmed by the bright spot in the selected area electron diffraction pattern. Two different wt% (i.e. 0.5 and 2) of zinc oxide nanorods were utilized for the fabrication of the composite material. The diffraction pattern of the milled powder and energy dispersive spectroscopy results shows effective diffusion of zinc oxide nanorods in the aluminum. The elemental mapping of milled powder illustrates the uniform distribution of the reinforcement over matrix material. The micro-hardness results exhibit a higher hardness of 27.78% with a small fraction of 2 wt%. The nano-indentation results confirm the improvement in the nano-hardness by 32.21% with 2 wt% of zinc oxide with a marginal decrease in elastic modulus by 4.92%.
“…42 Similar observation can be seen in the earlier published results where the influence of microwave heating in the phase formation and decrystallization was observed for BaCO 3 + 4Fe 3 O 4 . 43 Figure 6.Representative surface morphology of the microwave sintered sample (a) Al + 0.5 wt% ZnO and (b) Al + 2 wt% ZnO. The yellow arrow marks in the morphology represent the traces of ZnO phase in the Al matrix material.Figure 7.Surface morphology of the sintered Al + 2 wt% ZnO and corresponding point mapping of the surface.…”
The study focuses on the microstructural, phase transformation, and physical and mechanical aspects of aluminum/zinc oxide composite produced by a hybrid microwave sintering technique. In the present case, zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a cost-effective thermal decomposition method. The obtained zinc oxide nanorods’ length was in the range of 76–168 nm observed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and crystallinity nature was confirmed by the bright spot in the selected area electron diffraction pattern. Two different wt% (i.e. 0.5 and 2) of zinc oxide nanorods were utilized for the fabrication of the composite material. The diffraction pattern of the milled powder and energy dispersive spectroscopy results shows effective diffusion of zinc oxide nanorods in the aluminum. The elemental mapping of milled powder illustrates the uniform distribution of the reinforcement over matrix material. The micro-hardness results exhibit a higher hardness of 27.78% with a small fraction of 2 wt%. The nano-indentation results confirm the improvement in the nano-hardness by 32.21% with 2 wt% of zinc oxide with a marginal decrease in elastic modulus by 4.92%.
“…Such observations have also been noticed in other systems as well and have been attributed to the Table 2 Effect of heating mode and sintering temperature on the composition of the matrix phase in 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloys. creation of defects upon interaction with the microwaves [48,49].…”
Section: Microstructural Evolution During Conventional and Microwave mentioning
“…The Fe-containing amorphous substances here should be amorphous Fe 2 O 3 in great probability. [30][31][32] Owing to the amorphous state, the Fe 2 O 3 was not visible from XRD patterns. At 600 C, two phases of BaFe 2 O 4 spinel (PDF: 25-1191) and BaCO 3 (PDF: 05-0378) co-existed, besides, also minor phase of BaFeO 3Àx existed.…”
The structure, dye degradation activity and stability of oxygen defective BaFeO 3Àx was investigated. The pure perovskite BaFeO 3Àx was synthesized at 700 C. With further increase in temperature, the oxygen loss occurred, and then the instability of BaFeO 3Àx was improved due to the change in crystal structure. BaFeO 3Àx can degrade methyl orange in the dark, and the degradation rate can be improved under visible light due to the optical property of BaFeO 3Àx . This degradation was caused by the transformation from Fe 4þ to Fe 3þ to some extent which was related with the structural transition of BaFeO 3Àx . So the reducibility of BaFeO 3Àx functions in dye degradation. The oxygen loss accelerated the structural transition and the photo-assisted degradation activity of BaFeO 3Àx . The instable Ba 2þ also improves the instability of BaFeO 3Àx .
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