Phase relations and flux research for ZnO crystal growth in the ZnO–B2O3–P2O5 system

Subsolidus phase relations in the system ZnO–B2O3–V2O5

“…However, apart from the three vanadates, another compound Zn 4 V 2 O 9 which melts incongruently at 910 • C was reported by Makarov et al [14] and Clark and Pick [16]. Recently, Kurzawa et al [17] [12,30] obtained similar lattice parameters of the three compounds, which also agree with the results from Refs. [20][21][22], Refs.…”

“…[12] and Ref. [30]. The compound Zn 3 B 2 O 6 belongs to a monoclinic system with space group C2/c, its lattice parameters are a = 23.43 Å, b = 5.0457 Å, c = 8.3848 Å anď = 97.492 • , which is in accordance with Ref.…”

“…From early study [14,30], we know that both Zn 3 B 2 O 6 and Zn 4 V 2 O 9 are not suitable fluxes to grow ZnO. So we studied the pseudo-binary system Zn 4 V 2 O 9 -Zn 3 B 2 O 6 , in order to find the suitable condition to grow ZnO in the small region of ZnO-Zn 3 B 2 O 6 -Zn 4 V 2 O 9 which has rather high ZnO content.…”

“…The probably reason is that the temperature of the liquidus is higher than the limit of the DTA instrument (1250 • C). This phenomenon is very general about the phase diagram of ZnO [13][14][15][16][17]30]. Because ZnO has very high melting point (1975 • C), it often form so-called degenerative eutectic system with other compounds (for example Zn 3 B 2 O 6 [30], Na 2 WO 4 [39], Li 2 Zn 2 W 2 O 9 [40], etc.…”

“…[27]. On the other hand, both of them [12,30] proposed that Zn 3 B 2 O 6 and Zn 4 B 6 O 13 were mistakenly described as Zn 5 B 4 O 11 and ZnB 2 O 4 , respectively, in earlier works [18], because B 2 O 3 can splash and evaporate for not proper heating rate and firing temperature.…”