Phellinus baumii ethyl acetate extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokine expression in RAW264.7 cells

Abstract

Mushrooms are valuable sources of biologically active compounds possessing anticancer, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties. Phellinus baumii is a mushroom used in folk medicine for a variety of human diseases. However, its potential anti-inflammatory effect has remained unclear. Therefore, we studied the effect of P. baumii ethyl acetate extract (PBEAE) on inflammatory mediator and proinflammatory cytokine protein and/or mRNA expression levels using the nitric oxide (NO) assay, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage like RAW264.7 cells. PBEAE markedly inhibited NO generation and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis in a concentration-dependent pattern without any cytotoxic effect at the concentration range used. PBEAE also suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. In addition, LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression levels were dose-dependently inhibited by PBEAE pretreatment. Furthermore, PBEAE attenuated the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in a concentration-dependent fashion. Our study suggests that P. baumii might exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by downregulating proinflammatory mediators. Thus, further study on compounds isolated from PBEAE is warranted to investigate the associated molecular mechanisms and identify the potential therapeutic targets.

Introducing a novel mushroom from mycophagy community with emphasis on biomedical potency

“…In addition, macrophages express iNOS that signals for production of NO encouraging a highly microbicidal environment [69]. The overproduction of NO further stimulates synthesis of COX-2 that functions in conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins [71, 72]. …”

Anti‐inflammatory activity of mushroom‐derived hispidin through blocking of NF‐κB activation

“…12,13 Among them, the extracts of P. baumii and P. linteus have recently found to have anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. 14,15 Hispidin is the basic styrylpyrone-type polyphenol pigment in Phellinus and Inonotus species. Mushroom-derived styrylpyrone pigments may function similarly to plant flavonoids due to their structural similarity.…”

Korean Red Ginseng Saponin Fraction Downregulates Proinflammatory Mediators in LPS Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Protects Mice against Endotoxic Shock

“…NO and cell viability assays were performed as described during our previous work [18]. Briefly, RAW264.7 cells (1×10 6 cells/mL) were pre-incubated with RGSF (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) or vehicle for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 18 h. One-hundred microliter of cell supernatant from each well were transferred into 96-well microplates and mixed with an equal volume of Griess reagent at room temperature.…”