Phenol adsorption onto coffee waste – granular activated carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies in aqueous solutions

Abstract

a b s t r ac tIn this research, the production of granular activated carbon from coffee waste (CW) by chemical activation with zinc chloride was studied by using a 2 3 factorial design with the three responses (surface area, yield, and hardness) and studying three factors (the activation temperature, activation time, and impregnation ratio). The findings expose that after the experimental design, the highest response values were achieved at an activation temperature of 600°C, an activation time of 40 min, and an impregnation ratio of 1.5 g ZnCl 2 g -1 CW. At these conditions, the experimental tests produced a surface area of 1,279 m 2 g -1 . Batch studies of phenol adsorption onto coffee waste-activated carbon (CW-GAC) were performed at different solution pH, stirring speeds, and initial phenol concentrations. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity onto CW-GAC was 160.52 mg g −1 at pH 7. The adsorption kinetics was affected by stirring speed, the required time to achieve equilibrium decreased from 150 to 120 min when stirring speed varied from 200 to 400 min -1 . Film and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms controlled the adsorption of phenol onto CW-GAC. Finally, the porous material developed in this research is capable of sequestering phenol from aqueous solutions to a higher extent than similar lignocellulosic-based activated carbons.

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“…Recycling agricultural residues have recently gained popularity because of environmental and energy concerns. The lignocellulosic waste is considered as a intriguing application for the production of activated carbon (ACs) [1][2][3]. These carbonaceous materials are prepared at high temperatures using oxidizing gases (steam, air, etc.)…”

Sunflower Stalk Based Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors

“…I n recent years, due to environmental concerns and energy issues, to recycle agricultural residues has increasing recognition. One interesting application is to use lignocellulosic wastes for the production of activated carbons (ACs) [1][2][3]. These high surface area materials from carbonaceous sources can be either synthesized with oxidizing gases (steam, air, etc.)…”

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