Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modification with Lignin

Nada, A. M. A.; Abou‐Youssef, Hussein; El-Gohary, S.

doi:10.1081/ppt-120023103

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As such, numerous efforts have been reported in this respect. [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] Lignin based PF resin synthesis is shown in Scheme 10, from which it is quite clear that to create lignin based PF resins, at least one of the ortho positions of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the starting lignin must be unsubstituted so that this active site can participate in the reaction with formaldehyde. From our earlier discussions (Fig.…”

Section: Lignin Based Phenol Formaldehyde Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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The need for renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum based polymers has been the motivation for work on biobased composites, blends and materials whose foundations are carbon neutral feedstocks. Lignin, an abundant plant derived feedstock, and waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry, qualifies as a renewable material. Despite the fact that it is often difficult to blend lignin with other polymers due to its complex structure and reactivity, published research over the past decade, has focused on issues such as lignin miscibility with other polymers, the thermal and mechanical strength behavior of its copolymers and its fractions as well as efforts of tuning its thermal properties via chemical modifications and other means. As such this effort now attempts to offer a comprehensive overview that largely discusses the importance of these processes with the aim toward effective, cost efficient and environmentally friendly means that may allow the utilization of this important and largely ignored biopolymer.

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Section: Lignin Based Phenol Formaldehyde Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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“…Generally, softwoods lignin contains a higher amount of G-component unlike the hardwood ones, which comprise G and S-components. Hydrolysis lignin [14][15][16] , soda lignin 17 and biorefinery residue 18,19 have also been used to produce lignin-modified phenolic resins. The suitable candidates for producing phenolic resins are rich in hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring, less in methoxyl group and have low molecular weight values 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitization of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

et al. 2020

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Environmental friendliness and cost demand the development of lignin-modified phenolic (LPF) resins for application as a binder for carbon-containing refractories (CCRs) production. Moreover, the in-situ graphitization of such resins can produce crystalline carbon, which is an essential component of CCRs. Consequently, this study investigated LPF resins graphitization using ferrocene, boron oxide and boric acid. The modified resins were synthesized using thermally treated kraft lignin based on 1.5 formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio and with up to 30 wt.% lignin as phenol replacement. The resins chemical composition and the structural organization and oxidation resistance of carbons derived from the plain resins and those containing the graphitizing additives were determined. The results showed that ferrocene and the boron compounds could induce graphitic carbon generation when carbonizing LPF resins at 1500 °C for 5 hours. The best graphitization level (73%) was achieved when 10 wt.% boric acid was added to the resin produced with 20 wt.% lignin. Regarding the formulations containing ferrocene, the highest amount of graphitic carbon (48%) was generated when 5 wt.% of this additive was added to the resin synthesized with 10 wt.% lignin. The carbons derived from the formulations containing boron oxide presented the best oxidation resistance.

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“…Several methods of valorization have been reported in the literature for the residual lignin dissolved in black liquors of different lignocellulosic materials. The main applications are the preparation of wood adhesives,2, 3 phenolic resins,4–9 and the processing of leather 10. The aim of this article is to study the behavior of Alpha grass soda lignin, obtained after acidification of the black liquors, in the preparation of molding powders instead of conventional wood flours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Alfa grass soda lignin as a filler for novolak molding powder

Hattali¹,

Benaboura²,

Dumarçay³

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Behavior of Alpha grass soda lignin was investigated for the preparation of novolak molding powders. Thermal analysis of the different investigated formulations indicated that molding powders prepared from Alpha grass soda lignin were more resistant to thermal degradation compared to a standard formulation prepared from wood flour. Limiting oxygen index determined for the different composites confirmed the higher thermal stability of Alpha grass soda lignin composites. Mechanical properties tested either from Shore hardness tests or from impact strength measurements revealed a slight decrease of mechanical properties for composites prepared from Alpha grass soda lignin. All these results showed the possibility to replace imported wood flours by locally available Alpha grass soda lignin to obtain phenolic composites with quite similar properties.

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Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modification with Lignin

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

Graphitization of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Evaluation of Alfa grass soda lignin as a filler for novolak molding powder

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