Phenolic components rich ethyl acetate fraction ofOrostachys japonicusinhibits lipid accumulation by regulating reactive oxygen species generation in adipogenesis

Abstract

In this study, Orostachys japonicus was extracted with ethyl alcohol and fractionated by a serial of organic solvents. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most effective among the tested five fractions. High‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction presented epicatechin gallate, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside. Treatment with O. japonicus inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. The gene expression of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system increased in O. japonicus‐treated cells. messeanger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the pro‐oxidant enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase4 and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase suppressed in O. japonicus‐treated cells. O. japonicus also inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic transcription factors (including proliferator activated receptor‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α) and their target gene (adipocyte protein 2). These results suggest that O. japonicus inhibits adipogenesis by controlling pro‐/anti‐oxidant enzyme responses and adipogenic transcription factors. Practical applications ROS generation is markedly related to the pathogenesis and development of metabolic disorders. Treatment with O. japonicus inhibited ROS generation and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. This result indicates that O. japonicus inhibit adipogenesis by controlling pro‐/anti‐oxidant enzyme responses and adipogenic mediators.

Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Formulation (F2) on the Management of Obesity: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

“…Previous studies revealed that OJ has shown potential antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, anticancer, anti-HIV-1 protease, antiulcerogenic, analgesic, immunostimulatory, and hepatoprotective effects [ 10 – 12 ]. Antiadipogenic and antiobesity effects of OJ were also described previously in various in vitro and in vivo studies [ 10 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…The antiadipogenic and/or antiobesity activities of O. japonicus, R. verniciflua, G. thunbergii, and royal jelly (RJ) were individually evaluated on the cell line, animal model, or clinical trials [ 10 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 22 – 27 ]. In our previous studies, we found evidence that GT, RV, OJ, and RJ showed potential antiadipogenic and/or antiobesity activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or Sprague-Dawley Rats [ 13 , 16 , 28 – 31 ].…”

Antioxidant Capacity of Thistle (Cirsium japonicum) in Various Drying Methods and their Protection Effect on Neuronal PC12 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The antioxidant activities showed the same pattern of the results on their phenolic contents. Antioxidant activity has a positive correlation with phenolic contents [4,25]. Based on these results, the temperatures above 70 °C applied until a complete dry state could reduce the phenolic content consequently reducing antioxidant properties.…”

“…The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay modified and used the method by Jang et al [25]. Briefly, same volume of sample and DPPH solution (0.2 mM) were mixed and placed for 30 min at room temperature.…”

“…The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was conducted with the method by Jang et al [25] Dilutions of all reagent were prepared in 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 • C. A 100 µL sample and 50 µL of 8.16 × 10 −5 mM fluorescein were dispensed into 96-well plates. Then, 50 µL of 153 mM AAPH, which was preincubated at 37 • C for 15 min, were subsequently dispensed into each well, and the plate was immediately measured.…”