Phenolic Compound Analysis and Pharmacological Screening of Vitex agnus-castus Functional Parts

Abstract

Vitex agnus-castus is a medicinal plant of the Verbenaceae family, widely used in traditional medicine. This study is aimed at investigating the functional variability of phenolic compounds in different parts (leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and seeds) of Vitex agnus-castus methanolic extracts and at assessing their in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The results of HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS indicated the presence of 25 phenolic compounds with a remarkable variability between plant parts; high levels were registered in chlorogenic, vanillic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acids; hesperidin; and luteolin. V. agnus castus fruits and stems presented higher antioxidant activities. The extracts inhibited the growth of five pathogenic bacteria with MIC values documented between 7.81 and 31.25 mg/mL. In vitro antihyperglycemic effect revealed higher effect in flowers (2921.84 μg/mL) and seeds (2992.75 μg/mL) against α-glucosidase and of leaves (2156.80 μg/mL) and roots (2357.30 μg/mL) against α-amylase. The findings of this showed that V. agnus castus is a promising source for antidiabetic bioactive compounds. However, further investigations regarding the evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic effects of these compounds are needed.

Evaluation of anticandidal activities and phytochemical examination of extracts prepared from Vitex agnus-castus: a possible alternative in treating candidiasis infections

“…Furthermore, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and phytol compounds were reported to have significant antiviral and antimicrobial activities [ 36 ]. In agreement with our results, a previous study showed that the extracts of V. agnus castus fruits and stems had more than 25 phenolic compounds with higher antioxidant activity such as luteolin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin [ 37 ]. In contrast to our findings, a previous study conducted the GC/MS analysis of V. agnus castus leaf extracts and revealed the existence of different chemical compositions included, 4,5-Dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl, and Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate [ 38 ].…”

Anticholinergic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Vitex Agnus‐Castus L. Seed Extract: Assessment of Its Phenolic Content by LC/MS/MS

“…found high total phenolic content in the leaf of V. angus‐cactus leaves. In addition, Berrani et al [44] . found that this plant was a promising source of antidiabetic bioactive compounds.…”

“…Balpınar et al [43] found high total phenolic content in the leaf of V. anguscactus leaves. In addition, Berrani et al [44] found that this plant was a promising source of antidiabetic bioactive compounds. The previous studies relaved that the pharmaceutical, biological, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activity of V. agnuscastus seeds caused its' use in the fields of phytomedicine and agriculture.…”

“…The previous studies relaved that the pharmaceutical, biological, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activity of V. agnuscastus seeds caused its' use in the fields of phytomedicine and agriculture. [27,[44][45][46][47] As a result, although the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of V. agnus castus L. have been investigated in previous studies. [46] The phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of plant vary depending on the location where it grows.…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the plant extracts of vitex agnus castus L: An ecofriendly approach to overcome antibiotic resistance

“…It has been used as a medicinal plant, and its fruits have traditionally been used in Iran, Italy, Greece, and Egypt to treat gynecological disorders for over 2500 years. [ 12 ] Furthermore, Vitex agnus-castus L. Contains numerous bioactive metabolites (flavonoids, ketosteroids, iridoids, essential oils, etc.) with high reducing features and great activity in the green synthesis of Ag NPs.…”