Phenolic compounds characterization by LC-DAD- ESI/MSn and bioactive properties of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Ephedra alata Decne

Abstract

Scientific research has been focused on finding natural occurring molecules from plant origin. Herein, infusion, decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Ephedra alata Decne. from Algeria were phytochemically characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MSn, and evaluated regarding bioactive properties (antioxidant and antibacterial). Flavonol and flavone glycoside derivatives and phenolic acids, specially rosmarinic acid and kaempferol-O-glucuronide were the major compounds in T. algeriensis extracts. Otherwise, E. alata presented isoflavones and flavonol derivatives as main compounds, being hydroxypuerarin isomer 1 the major molecule. Aqueous extracts had significantly higher antioxidant activity, being this activity correlated with the amount of phenolic compounds. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against multi-resistant bacteria strains from clinical isolates. The obtained MIC values indicate that the hydroethanolic extracts revealed the highest effect, especially the one of T. algeriensis against Gram-positive bacteria. Hence, these plant extracts could be used in the development of bioactive ingredients.

Thymus algeriensis and Thymus fontanesii: Chemical Composition, In Vivo Antiinflammatory, Pain Killing and Antipyretic Activities: A Comprehensive Comparison

“…Plants from the genus Thymus is used traditionally as herbal teas, culinary spices, condiments, and as analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, and diuretic agents. Additionally, the plants are considered an important source of essential oils and the thyme oil, with its diverse biological properties including antioxidant, antibacterial, antimycotic, and age-delaying properties, is included in the world's top ten essential oils [3].…”

“…The herbaceous fragrant, Thymus algeriensis, is an endemic plant to Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco and considered as the most widespread North African species. The plant is largely used as a culinary herb and as a traditional medicine to treat digestive and respiratory infections (e.g., gastrointestinal dysentery, colds), prostate adenoma, and to prohibit abortion [3,4].…”

Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus

“…Hot water extract of T. vulgaris leaf showed dose‐dependent DPPH‐scavenging capability and it was similar to standard antioxidants butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at a dosage of 1.5 mg mL −1 . Phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives also showed correlations with the antioxidant activity . As the main compound in the methanol extract of T. dacicus , rosmarinic acid ( 71 ), which reached up to 71.33±1.11 mg g −1 , possessed more remarkable antioxidant activity (FRAP values=16.54±0.38 m m Fe 2+ g −1 ) than that of both methanol extract and ascorbic acid …”

“…[88] Phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives also showed correlations with the antioxidant activity. [108] As the main compound in the methanol extract of T. dacicus, rosmarinic acid (71), which reached up to 71.33 � 1.11 mg g À 1 , possessed more remarkable antioxidant activity (FRAP values = 16.54 � 0.38 mM Fe 2 + g À 1 ) than that of both methanol extract and ascorbic acid. [104] T. quinquecostatus CLEAK extracts could protect Chang liver cells from oxidative damage induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) through their ability to enhance the cell viability, mediate production of ROS and mitochondria function associated with cell apoptosis including membrane potential loss.…”

Ephedra alata extracts exhibits anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-antipyretic and analgesic effects through the inhibition of lipase, α-amylase and inflammation

“…One of the probable reasons for it is the higher content of polyphenolic and avonoid compounds in methanol fraction of Ephedra alata. In fact, Ziani et al [27] have reported that The hydro-methanol crude extract contained the maximum number of phenolic Obesity has been proven to lead to many complications including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes one of the most challenging chronic disorder of the 21st century that alters carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolisms.…”