Phenolphthalein‐based cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone): Preparation and application to separation membranes

Abstract

Cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s are an important type of high performance engineering thermoplastics. They possess unique properties, including good processability, thermal stability, and good insulating and mechanical properties as well as excellent chemical resistance. They are potential candidates for the preparation of ion exchange, water purification, and gas separation membranes. This review focuses on the synthesis of phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, including synthesis of cardo bisphenols and their polymers, and their application to separation membranes.

High‐performance soluble copolyarylate based on phenolphthalein: synthesis, characterization and properties

“…(1) Copolymerization is a common and effective method for enhancing solubility. Furthermore, the pendant phthalide groups in PP units could prevent the polymer chains from being closely packed, increase the free volume in the polymer chains and thus disrupt the crystallization; therefore, the small solvent molecules could diffuse into the polymer chains.…”

Synthesis of high performance phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(ether ketone imide)s via aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization

“…The good solubility and transparency of PES-C and PEK-C were attributed to the presence of bulky pendent phthalide groups, which inhibited close packing, thereby increasing the free volume among the molecular chains and reducing the interchain interactions. The high glass transition temperature was also due to the bulky phthalide groups which remarkably improved the rotational energy barrier [13].…”

“…Phenolphthalein, which is a kind of commercially available industrial product and can easily be synthesized from phenol and phthalic anhydride [3], is a common pharmaceutical raw material and an important acid-base indicator in analytical chemistry. Many high performance polymers with phenolphthalein-based cardo groups have been synthesized, including poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PES-C) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PEK-C) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], poly(benzimidazole) [22,23], and polyetheroxadiazoles [24]. Among these high performance engineering plastics, PES-C and PEK-C, which possessed good solubility, high glass transition temperature, light-colored and fairly transparent optical properties, good thermal-oxidative stability as well as excellent mechanical toughness, have been industrialized in china and widely used in many applications such as aerospace field, microelectronic area, national defense industry, wire enamels, sterilizable medical equipment, and others [13][14][15].…”

A new cardo bisphenol monomer containing pendant azido group and the resulting aromatic polyesters

“…The glass transition temperature ( T g ) values of aromatic (co)polyesters containing rigid cardo phthalimidine groups are anticipated to be rather high (>200 °C) . It is known in the literature that azido functional group attached to aliphatic chain decomposes at such a high temperature .…”