Phenols in Municipal Solid Waste Leachates and Their Attenuation by Clay Soils

Artiola-Fortuny, Juan; Fuller, W. H.

doi:10.1097/00010694-198204000-00004

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, most of the existing data and theories come from dilute, aqueous solutions. With increased reports on groundwater contamination from land disposal and treatment of hazardous organic wastes (e.g., Anderson et al, 1985;Artiola-Fortuny and Fuller, 1982;Bedient et al, 1983;Brown and Thomas, 1987;Green et al, 1983;Maturi and Reddy, 2008;Riley and Zachara, 1992;Suidan et al, 1999), the characterization of the environmental fate of contaminants in mixed solvents (mixtures of water and cosolvents or mixtures of nonaqueous solvents) becomes essential, particularly when attempts to extrapolate existing data and theories from aqueous solutions to mixed solvents have proven impractical (Kjeldsen and Christensen, 2001;Pollard et al, 2008;Rao et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a forthcoming review we discuss the major reactions controlling surfacesolvent interactions. Emphasis there will be on metal/clay interactions in mixed solvents because of the important role clays play in the mitigation of contaminant transport in soils (Artiola-Fortuny and Fuller, 1982), aquifers (Shelobolina, 2004), and landfill liners (Green et al, 1983;Srour and McDonald, 2005b). Available information on the behavior and transport of inorganic contaminants in mixed solvents is critically reviewed and limitations to the progress of research in this field highlighted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

Srour¹,

McDonald

2011

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Most of what is known about the environmental fate and transport of contaminants comes from studies of dilute, aqueous solutions. Theoretical and practical aspects of hydrophobic organic contaminants in aqueous mixtures of organic solvents are well developed, but relatively little attention has been paid to those situations where inorganic contaminants such as metals, water, and organic solvents occur simultaneously. The authors discuss changes in solution properties accompanying the addition of organic solvents. They review more than 500 references to available data on ion solvation, solubility, activity, acidity, pairing, and pH in electrolyte and electrolyte-free solvent mixtures and tabulate selected experimental values. Whenever available, equations developed to estimate these properties are given and their applications and limitations described. The implications of the progress in mixed-solvents solution chemistry on contaminant behavior and transport are described. Major limitations to the study of inorganic contamination in mixed solvents include the absence of complete and comprehensive data (e.g., type of ionic species, activity coefficients, solubility constants) that characterize solute and solvent properties in these mixtures and the indefinite number of possible solute and solvent combinations. The generation of models predicting such data from easily measured benchmark solute and solvent properties is a major challenge. The availability of such database and models may open the field for environmental engineers and soil scientists to study the basic chemical processes and mechanisms of metal contamination in complex multicomponent systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

Srour¹,

McDonald

2011

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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“…Many previous workers have studied various aspects of the toxicity of municipal waste samples, including the effects of organic compounds, such as phenols, which are present in municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates (6). An MSW landfill was studied for the risk evaluation of its organic and hazardous constituents (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Municipal Sludge

et al. 2005

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Municipal wastes originating from urban and industrial areas have become a major source of soil, ground and surface water pollution. These undesirable agents in our environment significantly interact with our flora and fauna. The aim of this study was to test samples of municipal sludge (MS) for their ecotoxicological potential by using sensitive bioassays involving a plant, Vicia faba, and the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. A 10% leachate of MS was prepared for the experiments, and V. faba seedlings were exposed to three leachate concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%) for 5 days. The findings revealed chromosome aberrations during the metaphase as well as the anaphase of cell division, and inhibition of the mitotic index, which reflects that MS originating from domestic and other human activities may be genotoxic to the living organisms of the ecosystem. Abnormalities in chlorophyll content, plant growth, root length, shoot length and root/shoot length ratio in V. faba clearly indicated the toxicity of the sludge. Behavioural and reproduction studies with E. foetida also provided evidence for the toxic nature of the MS.

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“…In addition, solvents are sometimes directly injected into the subsurface to remediate nonaqueous phase liquids ( − ). There have been studies conducted to identify the components of these mixtures and the levels at which they exist ( , ), but fewer studies have aimed at understanding the fundamental chemical and physical nature of the interactions and the potential effect of these on subsurface migration ( − ). Understanding these processes can have practical implications on the selection of remediation techniques, particularly at sites where cocontamination is likely ( , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alcohols on the Retention Mechanisms of Cd and Zn on Wyoming Bentonite and Illite

Srour¹,

McDonald²

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effects of ethanol- and methanol-water mixtures on Zn and Cd sorption onto bentonite and illite were investigated at low initial metal concentration (< or =10(-5) M) and low ionic strength (2.5 mM Ca(NO3)2). For all cosolvent fractions, the percent coverage of Zn and Cd to clay minerals was low (<5%) and independent of the solution dielectric constant, epsilon, except for Zn at 10 microM. Cadmium sorption to bentonite and illite was independent of epsilon. Zinc sorption varied significantly between clay types, cosolvent type, and cosolvent fraction. The partitioning of Zn to bentonite increased from 0 to 10% alcohol-water fraction and decreased after 10%. The same pattern was observed for the partitioning of Zn on illite in methanol-water mixtures. In ethanol-water mixtures, Kf for Zn on illite increased continuouslyfrom 0 to 50% ethanol. The decreased partitioning and hence mobility of Zn to bentonite and illite after 10% alcohol (only in methanol-water mixtures for illite) suggests a potential environmental threat resulting from increased transport of this metal in subsurface environments where these cosolvents are present.

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Phenols in Municipal Solid Waste Leachates and Their Attenuation by Clay Soils

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Municipal Sludge

Effect of Alcohols on the Retention Mechanisms of Cd and Zn on Wyoming Bentonite and Illite

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