Phenomenological Research Methods

Polkinghorne, Donald E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6989-3_3

Cited by 1,017 publications

(699 citation statements)

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“…In judging the optimum number of interviews, the researchers were guided by Polkinghorne (1989), Creswell (1998Creswell ( , 2007 and Kvale and Brinkmann (2009) who recommend that researchers interview between five and twenty five individuals who have all experienced the phenomenon, provided that they are long interviews. Moreover, Kvale and Brinkmann (2009) and Knox and Burkard (2009) suggest interviewing as many individuals as necessary to reach saturation, while Guest, Bunce and Johnson (2006) found that saturation occurs within the first twelve interviews, with basic elements for common themes being present as early as after six interviews.…”

Section: Stage 1: Approaches To Managing Place Brand Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a model of the Place Brand Web

Hanna

Rowley

2015

Tourism Management

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This article contributes to theory concerning the relationship between the brands associated with a place, through a two-stage mixed method study involving interviews with place brand practitioners and web content analysis. The article, first reports on the challenges associated with managing place brand relationships and, then, discusses various aspects of the brand webs associated with places. On this basis, the article proposes, exemplifies and discusses the Place Brand Web Model. This model, which responds to the complex nature of the relationships between the brands associated with a place, is presented in two instantiations, the DMO perspective, and the more generalised perspective that views brands with associations with a place as contributing to the co-creation of the perceptual entity, THE Place Brand. The model is exemplified and discussed and with reference to a major UK city.Keywords Place branding; brand architecture; brand leadership; stakeholders; place brand web.

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Section: Stage 1: Approaches To Managing Place Brand Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a model of the Place Brand Web

Hanna

Rowley

2015

Tourism Management

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“…A sample size of five to 25 participants is recommended for investigating shared experiences (21). We anticipated that 15-20 participants would be sufficient to meet sampling requirements for theoretical saturation (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: In-depth Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We anticipated that 15-20 participants would be sufficient to meet sampling requirements for theoretical saturation (21)(22)(23). Interviews were audio recorded, deidentified, and transcribed.…”

Section: In-depth Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Stage of Change and Dialysis Decision-Making

Prakash

McGrail

Lewis

et al. 2015

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background and objectives Behavioral stage of change (SoC) algorithms classify patients' readiness for medical treatment decision-making. In the precontemplation stage, patients have no intention to take action within 6 months. In the contemplation stage, action is intended within 6 months. In the preparation stage, patients intend to take action within 30 days. In the action stage, the change has been made. This study examines the influence of SoC on dialysis modality decision-making.Design, setting, participants, & measurements SoC and relevant covariates were measured, and associations with dialysis decision-making were determined. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 patients on dialysis to elicit experiences. Qualitative interview data informed the survey design. Surveys were administered to adults with CKD (eGFR#25 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) from August, 2012 to June, 2013. Multivariable logistic regression modeled dialysis decision-making with predictors: SoC, provider connection, and dialysis knowledge score.Results Fifty-five patients completed the survey (71% women, 39% white, and 59% black), and median annual income was $17,500. In total, 65% of patients were in the precontemplation/contemplation (thinking) and 35% of patients were in the preparation/maintenance (acting) SoC; 62% of patients had made dialysis modality decisions. Doctors explaining modality options, higher dialysis knowledge scores, and fewer lifestyle barriers were associated with acting versus thinking SoC (all P,0.02). Patients making modality decisions had doctors who explained dialysis options (76% versus 43%), were in the acting versus the thinking SoC (50% versus 10%), had higher dialysis knowledge scores (1.4 versus 0.5), and had lower eGFR (13.9 versus 16.8 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; all P,0.05). In adjusted analyses, dialysis knowledge was significantly associated with decision-making (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 12.9; P=0.01), and SoC was of borderline significance (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 32.6; P=0.05). The model C statistic was 0.87.Conclusions Dialysis decision-making was associated with SoC, dialysis knowledge, and physicians discussing treatment options. Future studies determining ways to assist patients with CKD in making satisfying modality decisions are warranted.

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“…Four of the participants self-identified as Hispanic, one as Lebanese, and one as White. Polkinghorne (1989) recommends a sample size of 5-25 participants for phenomenological inquiry. The recruitment of additional participants ceased once saturation of themes became evident.…”

Section: Participants and Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%