Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination

Phoksawat, Wisitsak; Nithichanon, Arnone; Lerdsamran, Hatairat; Wongratanacheewin, Surasakdi; Meesing, Atibordee; Pipattanaboon, Chonlatip; Kanthawong, Sakawrat; Aromseree, Sirinart; Yordpratum, Umaporn; Laohaviroj, Marut; Lulitanond, Viraphong; Chareonsudjai, Sorujsiri; Puthavathana, Pilaipan; Kamuthachad, Ludthawun; Kamsom, Chatcharin; Thapphan, Chakrit; Salao, Kanin; Chonlapan, Arunya; Nawawishkarun, Punnapat; Prasertsopon, Jarunee; Overgaard, Hans J.; Edwards, Steven W.; Phanthanawiboon, Supranee

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.017

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, they did observe a prominently decreased expression of IL‐17A and IL‐4 in CD4 T cells among PLWH than HC subjects, suggesting the lower SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels might be caused by a weaker pro‐inflammatory role of Th17 in vaccine‐elicited memory and an impairing influence of Th2 on IgG1 production. At the same time, another cohort from Thailand containing 335 healthy subjects 32 has elucidated that CoronaVac vaccines more intend to activate Th2 (CD3+CD4+IL‐4+) cells proved by the decrement of Th1/Th2 ratio after the second CoronaVac inoculation, thus no correlation was found either in T cell counts and antibody responses or in anti‐RBD IgG levels and IFN‐γ+ T cells. The Th2 priming immune responses triggered by CoronaVac is quite distinct from Th1‐skewed environment caused by mRNA vaccines, 33 providing solid evidence for discrepant immunological reactions to different platforms of COVID‐19 vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV

Zhan

Gao

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity to SARS‐CoV‐2 and evasive subvariants BA.4/5 in people living with HIV (PLWH) following a third booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in 318 PLWH and 241 healthy controls (HC) using SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays. Vaccine‐induced immunological responses were compared before and after the third dose. Serum levels of IgG anti‐RBD and inhibition rate of NAb were significantly elevated at the “post‐third dose” sampling time compared with the pre‐third dose in PLWH, but were relatively decreased in contrast with those of HCs. Induced humoral and cellular responses attenuated over time after triple‐dose vaccination. The neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5 was also intensified but remained below the positive inhibition threshold. Seropositivity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies in PLWH was prominently lower than that in HC. We also identified age, CD4 cell counts, time after the last vaccination, and WHO staging type of PLWH as independent factors associated with the seropositivity of antibodies. PLWH receiving booster shot of inactivated vaccines generate higher antibody responses than the second dose, but lower than that in HCs. Decreased anti‐BA.4/5 responses than that of WT impede the protective effect of the third dose on Omicron prevalence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV

Zhan

Gao

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Regarding immunity, a two-dose regimen of SV can produce B cell and CD4 T cell activation in addition to eliciting the production of notable levels of anti-RBD antibodies able to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. − After SV administration, helper T lymphocyte numbers are augmented, Th2 profiles are prevalent, and increased Treg cells are also found. Three months after the second SV dose, the number of central and effector memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as serum antibody levels decreased significantly. , However, remarkable amounts of IFN-γ- and granzyme B-producing cells are detected at 28 and 90 days postvaccination …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three months after the second SV dose, the number of central and effector memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as serum antibody levels decreased significantly. 31,32 However, remarkable amounts of IFN-γ-and granzyme B-producing cells are detected at 28 and 90 days postvaccination. 33 Zhou and collaborators reported that one year after natural infection, the levels of IgG antibodies returned to the baseline and increased (3.9-fold) after immunization with inactivated vaccine and reached levels similar to those in the early stage of recovery; however, the IgA or IgM response failed to produce the same effect, suggesting that IgG is the main antibody for long-term protection.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Adaptations Correlated with Antibody Response after Immunization with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian Subjects

et al. 2023

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The adsorbed vaccine SARS-CoV-2 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac (SV) was the first vaccine against COVID-19 to be used in Brazil. To understand the metabolic effects of SV in Brazilian subjects, NMR-based metabolomics was used, and the immune response was studied in Brazilian subjects. Forty adults without (group − , n = 23) and with previous COVID-19 infection (group + , n = 17) were followed-up for 90 days postcompletion of the vaccine regimen. After 90 days, our results showed that subjects had increased levels of lipoproteins, lipids, and N-acetylation of glycoproteins (NAG) as well as decreased levels of amino acids, lactate, citrate, and 3-hydroxypropionate. NAG and threonine were the highest correlated metabolites with N and S proteins, and neutralizing Ab levels. This study sheds light on the immunometabolism associated with the use of SV in Brazilian subjects from Rio de Janeiro and identifies potential metabolic markers associated with the immune status.

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“…A study of 26 patients with Sjogren's syndrome reported that the COVID-19 vaccine did not change the B and T lymphocyte populations; however, activated lymphocytes were not evaluated (48). The evaluation of 335 healthy volunteers (49) demonstrated an increase in activated TH2 lymphocytes and poor activation of TH1 after two doses of the vaccine, but no data are available after the booster dose (which in our patients caused the most relevant increase in activated TH1 and TH17), while a relevant TH1 response to the vaccine was reported either in blood (50) or nasal cells (1). No studies on activated lymphocyte populations in frail patients following COVID-19 vaccination are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytometric analysis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors revealed that COVID-19 vaccine booster strongly enhanced the immune response

Cernera,

Gelzo,

De Placido

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The high frequency of autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders observed in such patients requires caution when using COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, TETs are often associated with severe immunodeficiency, making it difficult to predict vaccine immunization. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate immune response to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with TETs.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study enrolling patients who underwent the SARS-Cov-2 mRNA full vaccine cycle (two doses plus a booster after 6 months of BNT162b2). All patients were enrolled before receiving 1st vaccine dose and were followed over the vaccination cycle for up to 6 months after the booster dose to i) assess humoral and cellular responses, ii) define biomarkers predictive of effective immunization, and iii) evaluate the safety of the vaccine.ResultsAt the end of the full vaccine cycle, 27 (61.4%) patients developed humoral and 38 (86.4%) cellular responses (IFN γ release by stimulated cells) and showed an increase in activated TH1 and TH17 cells, particularly significant after the booster dose. The number of B and T lymphocytes at baseline was predictive of humoral and cellular responses, respectively. Patients with no evidence of tumor lesions had a higher probability of achieving a humoral response than those with evidence of the disease. Furthermore, the percentage of patients with immune-related disorders (75%), particularly Good’s syndrome (47.7%) and myasthenia gravis (29.5%), did not change over the entire vaccine cycle. Overall, 19 of the 44 enrolled patients (43.2%) had COVID-19 during the observation period; none required hospitalization or oxygen support, and no fatalities were observed.ConclusionSARS-Cov-2 mRNA vaccine determines the immune responses in patients with TET, particularly after the booster dose, and in patients with no evidence of tumor lesions. Preliminary analysis of B and T lymphocytes may help identify patients who have a lower probability of achieving effective humoral and cellular responses and thus may need passive immunization. The vaccine prevented severe COVID-19 infection and is safe.

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Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV

Booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV

Metabolic Adaptations Correlated with Antibody Response after Immunization with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian Subjects

Immunocytometric analysis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors revealed that COVID-19 vaccine booster strongly enhanced the immune response

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