Phenotypic Characterisation of South African Unimproved Indigenous and Tankwa Goats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterise and compare phenotypic characteristics of South African unimproved indigenous and Tankwa goats. Phenotypic characteristics of 44 South African unimproved indigenous and 41 Tankwa goats were assessed. The qualitative characteristics were assessed through visual appraisal. Quantitative characteristics such as body measurements were obtained using a flexible tape, while body weight was determined by using a weighing scale and body temperature with a thermometer. Body condition score of South African unimproved indigenous goats (98%) was more satisfactory when compared to that of Tankwa goats (74%). None of the Tankwa goats had ticks under their tails while 53% of South African unimproved indigenous goats had them. Most of the Tankwa goats had single or two colours as their main colours. Both goats' types had high proportion of moderate necks, brown eyes, average eye width and mouth shape. Tankwa goats' horns and hooves were more damaged when compared to those of South African unimproved indigenous goats. Tankwa goats had higher phenotypic characteristics (quantitative) with the exception of body temperature. In conclusion, qualitative characteristics were comparable between South African unimproved indigenous and Tankwa goats. However, quantitative characteristics of Tankwa goats were higher, with the exception of body temperature.

Semen characteristics of Bapedi sheep during the autumn breeding season

“…The sperm cell motility was analysed using Sperm Class Analyzer® (Microptic S.L, Barcelona, Spain) (Ramukhithi, 2016). Ten (10 µL) of semen was extended with a tris-based extender (200 µL) and then evaluated under a phase-contrast microscope (Nikon®, Japan) (Maqhashu, 2019).…”

“…The nigrosine eosin mixture was smeared on a slide at a 45° angle and the slides were left to dry for 24 hours. The live sperm cells were recorded and further analysed and categorised into normal and abnormal sperm cells (Ramukhithi et al, 2019).…”

“…The abnormal sperm cells were further evaluated and categorised into primary, secondary, and tertiary abnormalities (Ramukhithi et al, 2019). A hypo-osmotic (HOST) test was used to evaluate membrane permeability under a phase-contrast microscope (Olympus®, Japan) (Ramukhithi, 2016).…”

“…The abnormal sperm cells were further evaluated and categorised into primary, secondary, and tertiary abnormalities (Ramukhithi et al, 2019). A hypo-osmotic (HOST) test was used to evaluate membrane permeability under a phase-contrast microscope (Olympus®, Japan) (Ramukhithi, 2016). Sperm cells with coiled tails were considered as intact membrane integrity and those with straight tails were recorded as damaged (Mafolo, 2018).…”

“…Irrespective of small stocks being seasonal breeders, different breeds have different reproductive characteristics throughout the year (Bester, 2006). Therefore, gathering information on the reproductive performance of different sheep breeds in different seasons is crucial for good reproductive management of a herd (Ramukhithi et al, 2019). According to a previous study it has been proven that indigenous rams have a higher semen characteristic during the autumn breeding season (Munyai, 2012).…”