Phenotypic effect and chromosomal localization of Ddw3, the dominant dwarfing gene in rye (Secale cereale L.)

Abstract

Dwarfing genes play a major role in development of semi-dwarf cultivars of various cereals, but in rye this type of cultivar is still not common. Several recessive and dominant dwarfing genes in rye have been reported. Among the known dominant dwarfing genes in rye, two are well characterised: Ddw1 from the 5RL chromosome and Ddw2 located on 7R. This study was aimed at characterisation of the K11 source of dominantly inherited dwarfism found in plant materials grown in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (Radzików, Poland). Mapping analyses in this study indicate that the dominant dwarf gene under investigation is located on the 1RL chromosome and is independent from previously known genes. The gene was named Ddw3. Phenotypic effect of the Ddw3 was tested on two pairs of nearisogenic lines. Six morphological traits were analysed in two or three growing seasons: plant height, length of the second internode from the base, number of internodes, tillering, spike length, and number of spikelets per spike. No negative or weak influences on yield-related traits were observed. The examination of the dwarf plants' reaction to seedling treatment by gibberellic acid solution revealed sensitivity of Ddw3 to this growth regulator. This report is the first evidence of the dominant Ddw3 gene in rye and its presence on the 1R chromosome.

Effects of Rht-B1b and Ddw1 Dwarfing Genes in Two Connecting Populations of Spring Triticale under Greenhouse Experiment Conditions

“…In rye, plant height is also determined by a variety of genetic factors [19,20]. To date, 14 different rye dwarfing genes are known, of which the GAR gibberellin-responsive dominant Ddw1 gene, first identified in the rye EM-1 mutant form, is of the greatest breeding value [21,22]. Unlike GAI gibberellin-insensitive genes, GAR gibberellin-responsive genes do not reduce the length of the coleoptile, allowing deep seeding under the conditions of insufficient soil moistening.…”

EFFECTS OF DWARFING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) AND RYE (Secale cereale L.) GENES IN SPRING TRITICALE SEGREGATING POPULATION AS STUDIED IN POT TRIALS

“…У ржи высота растения также контролируется множеством генетических факторов (17,18). Уже известно 14 различных генов короткостебельности ржи (19)(20)(21), среди них три доминантных, из которых наибольшую селекционную ценность представляет ген Ddw1. В присутствие доминантного гена Ddw1 уменьшение высоты растений составляет до 40 % у диплоидной и до 55 % -у тетраплоидной ржи (22).…”

Identification and mapping of a new recessive dwarfing gene dw9 on the 6RL rye chromosome and its phenotypic effects

“…In the case of rye, dwarfing genes that efficiently decrease height without losses of yield are unknown. Until now, only four dominant dwarfing genes have been identified in rye: Ddw1 [3], Ddw2 [4], and recently, Ddw 3 [5] and Ddw 4 [6]. Attempts at introducing dwarfing genes to cultivars were carried in only the case of Ddw1 [4,7].…”

“…There is much information about the dominant dwarfing genes of rye Ddw1 [8], Ddw3 [5] and Ddw4 [6], but little is known about recessive ones. Several recessive dwarfing genes have been identified in rye.…”

“…This test allows dwarfing genes to be divided into two groups: one with dwarf genotypes that regain their normal height after GA application (sensitive genes) and those that show no reaction or a reduced reaction (insensitive genes) [11]. All four dominant dwarfing genes of rye were shown to be GA-sensitive [5,6,12]. Among recessives, dw1 [13], dw2 [14], ct3 [15], np [16], and ds1 [17] were classified as GA-sensitive, and dw6 [18], ct1 [10], ct2 [9] and ds2 [17] were shown to be GA-insensitive.…”