Phenotypic flexibility of digestive system in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Blier, Pierre; Dutil, Jean‐Denis; Lemieux, Hélène; Bélanger, F.; Bitetera, L.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.10.012

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Incomplete CG after 21 days of refeeding is probably a result of the severity of fasting; in fact the dramatic decrease of all the regulative molecules at T 35 suggests an impairment of the alimentary tract. The decrease in gut mass and of digestive capacity have been described for long periods of fasting in fish, while the re‐establishment of the alimentary tract is necessary before a weight gain 11 . From our data, it is possible to hypothesize that 35 days of fasting is excessive for obtaining a useful CG in juveniles of D. labrax .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Compensatory Growth in Juveniles of Sea Bass

Ferrando

Gambardella

Bottaro

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of regulative molecules in the stomach of juvenile Dicentrarchus labrax during compensatory growth, using immunohistochemical methods. Antisera against galanin, neuropeptide Y, ghrelin, leptin, and serotonin were used on fasted and refed D. labrax. The results show a characteristic distributive pattern for the sought molecules in fish refed after 35 days of fasting, with a high increased presence of both ghrelin and leptin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Compensatory Growth in Juveniles of Sea Bass

Ferrando

Gambardella

Bottaro

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Trypsin is a key enzyme involved in protein digestion in fishes (Üeberschar, 1988) since it acts directly and indirectly through chymotrypsin activation in protein digestion. Correlation of trypsin activities with growth rate and food conversion efficiency has been previously observed in G. morhua (Lemieux et al , 1999; Bélanger et al , 2002; Blier et al , 2007). In S. salar , Stevens et al (1999) showed an important increase in the size of the pyloric caeca of GH‐transgenic fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Proteolytic capacity of digestive system (mainly trypsin activity) has been shown to be an important physiological variable linked to growth rate in various species (Torrissen et al , 1994; Lemieux et al , 1999; Blier et al , 2007; Lamarre et al , 2007; Savoie et al , 2008). The relationship between digestive capacity, growth rate and metabolic capacity could possibly be highly significant at early stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive capacities, inbreeding and growth capacities in juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Ditlecadet

Blier

François

et al. 2009

Journal of Fish Biology

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Genetic variation in growth performance was estimated in 26 families from two commercial strains of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Physiological determinants of growth and metabolic capacities were also assessed through enzymatic assays. A relatedness coefficient was attributed to each family using parental genotypes at seven microsatellite loci. After 15 months of growth, faster growing families had significantly lower relatedness coefficients than slower growing families, suggesting their value as indicators of growth potential. Individual fish that exhibited higher trypsin activity also displayed higher growth rate, suggesting that superior protein digestion capacities can be highly advantageous at early stages. Capacities to use amino acids as expressed by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities were lower in the liver of fast-growing fish (13-20%), whereas white muscle of fast-growing fish showed higher activities than that of slow-growing fish for amino acid metabolism and aerobic capacity [22-32% increase for citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and GDH]. The generally higher glycolytic capacities (PK and LDH) in white muscle of fast-growing fish indicated higher burst swimming capacities and hence better access to food.

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“…They found little or no difference in digestive enzyme activity and intestinal tissue mass between the transgenic and control animals. Ricklefs, Starck & Konarzewski (1998) arrived at a similar conclusion for birds, noting that digestive capacity is highly flexible and responds to demand, as is also true in other animals (Hammond et al, 1994;Piersma & Lindström, 1997;Ricklefs, 2003;Blier et al, 2007;Zaldua & Naya, 2013). Ricklefs, Starck & Konarzewski (1998) arrived at a similar conclusion for birds, noting that digestive capacity is highly flexible and responds to demand, as is also true in other animals (Hammond et al, 1994;Piersma & Lindström, 1997;Ricklefs, 2003;Blier et al, 2007;Zaldua & Naya, 2013).…”

Section: (2) Cause Versus Effectmentioning

confidence: 83%

Is metabolic rate a universal ‘pacemaker’ for biological processes?

2014

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A common, long-held belief is that metabolic rate drives the rates of various biological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Although this metabolic pacemaker view (as assumed by the recent, influential 'metabolic theory of ecology') may be true in at least some situations (e.g. those involving moderate temperature effects or physiological processes closely linked to metabolism, such as heartbeat and breathing rate), it suffers from several major limitations, including: (i) it is supported chiefly by indirect, correlational evidence (e.g. similarities between the body-size and temperature scaling of metabolic rate and that of other biological processes, which are not always observed) - direct, mechanistic or experimental support is scarce and much needed; (ii) it is contradicted by abundant evidence showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g. hormonal action and temperature changes) can dissociate the rates of metabolism, growth, development and other biological processes; (iii) there are many examples where metabolic rate appears to respond to, rather than drive the rates of various other biological processes (e.g. ontogenetic growth, food intake and locomotor activity); (iv) there are additional examples where metabolic rate appears to be unrelated to the rate of a biological process (e.g. ageing, circadian rhythms, and molecular evolution); and (v) the theoretical foundation for the metabolic pacemaker view focuses only on the energetic control of biological processes, while ignoring the importance of informational control, as mediated by various genetic, cellular, and neuroendocrine regulatory systems. I argue that a comprehensive understanding of the pace of life must include how biological activities depend on both energy and information and their environmentally sensitive interaction. This conclusion is supported by extensive evidence showing that hormones and other regulatory factors and signalling systems coordinate the processes of growth, metabolism and food intake in adaptive ways that are responsive to an organism's internal and external conditions. Metabolic rate does not merely dictate growth rate, but is coadjusted with it. Energy and information use are intimately intertwined in living systems: biological signalling pathways both control and respond to the energetic state of an organism. This review also reveals that we have much to learn about the temporal structure of the pace of life. Are its component processes highly integrated and synchronized, or are they loosely connected and often discordant? And what causes the level of coordination that we see? These questions are of great theoretical and practical importance.

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Phenotypic flexibility of digestive system in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

The Compensatory Growth in Juveniles of Sea Bass

The Compensatory Growth in Juveniles of Sea Bass

Digestive capacities, inbreeding and growth capacities in juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Is metabolic rate a universal ‘pacemaker’ for biological processes?

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