Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances of<i>Sclerocarya birrea</i>(A. Rich.) Hochst.

Mkwezalamba, Idah; Munthali, Chimuleke R.Y.; Missanjo, Edward

doi:10.1155/2015/735418

Cited by 29 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most accessions were genetically distinct, reflecting the tree-to-tree variation in morphological traits reported for S. birrea [14,16,20]. This high genetic variation among the studied accessions is because they are half-sibs that share genetic information from only one parent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Molecular Characterization of Sclerocarya birrea ICRAF Field Genebank Collections

Fridah¹,

Muchugi²,

Ngugi³

et al. 2017

J Phylogenetics Evol Biol

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Scelerocarya birrea is an important fruit tree that is widely used by the rural populations in most regions in which it is found, for its fruits, bark, timber and even its roots. The local communities harvest the tree products from the wild with minimal attempts to grow it on-farm. The sustainability of such wild harvests is threatened by agriculture, overgrazing and overexploitation for other purposes. Therefore, the species needs urgent conservation measures in addition to selecting superior germplasm for on-farm tree management that will facilitate ease of species cultivation. This has prompted the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) and partners to collect and manage S. birrea germplasm in field genebanks as the initial step towards the species domestication and conservation. In order to effectively manage germplasm, it is important to establish the collection genetic diversity. Six ISSR markers yielded a total of 76 polymorphic bands across the 257 accessions studied. Percentage of polymorphic loci and observed heterozygosity ranged from 75% to 7.89% and H=0.362 to H=0.043, respectively. The partitioning of genetic diversity found a higher (86% P>0.001) intra-population variation and low inter-population variation, typical of the outcrossing nature of S. birrea. According to Jaccard's dissimilarity index, the highest genetic distance between accessions was 1.000 and the least genetic distance was 0.000. Neighbour-joining clustering grouped the accessions into three major clusters and twenty probable duplicates were identified, which should be eliminated to cut down the cost of conservation. The results obtained suggest that S. birrea ICRAF field genebank collections have a comparatively rich gene pool and, hence, valuable for conservation of S. birrea. The twenty samples showing duplicates would be good for evaluating performance of this long-lived tree species in both locations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The provenance trial data have shown great variability in morphological traits across populations [14,16,20]. The mother trees were characterized using RAPD [9] and showed significant variation within and among the populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Sclerocarya birrea ICRAF Field Genebank Collections

Fridah¹,

Muchugi²,

Ngugi³

et al. 2017

J Phylogenetics Evol Biol

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“…In fact, the seed size, related to genetics other than indicated by clones, is also shown by the relation of seed size and provenance, for instance on Jatropha curcas (Guan et al 2013), Adansonia digitata L. (Munthali et al 2012). Sclerocarya birrea (Mkwezalamba et al 2015) and Faidherbia albida. (Fredrick et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic factor is also indicated by some studies which were exploring the relationship of seed size and provenance (Ager and Stettle 1983;Singh et al 2011;Munthali et al 2012;Shankar and Synrem 2012;Munthali et al 2012;Guan et al 2013;Abdelbasit et al 2014;Fredrick et al 2015;Mkwezalamba et al 2015). Some characteristics of fruit and seed are influenced by environmental factors too, such as altitude, temperature and agronomic practices (Quarda et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of seed sizes and its effect on germination and seedling growth of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)

Pramono¹,

Syamsuwida²,

Putri³

2019

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Pramono AA, Syamsuwida D, Putri KP. 2019. Variation of seed sizes and its effect on germination and seedling growth of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). Biodiversitas 20: 2576-2582. To get high-quality seeds, the size of seed is often suggested to be criteria of selection in seed collection. However, the size is not always effective to be used as a basis for seed selection. The study is aimed to determine the variation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seed sizes and its effect on the germination and seedlings growth. The fruits were collected from stands of mahogany in Jonggol and Parung Panjang, Bogor District, Indonesia. The seeds were grouped into 5 classes based on seed size. The observation was conducted on seed viability of each size class as well as the growth of seedlings until 3 months old. The results showed that the seed size of mahogany was affected by position of the seeds inside the fruit, the mother trees, and fruit size. The seeds size of < 6 cm long had significantly lower germination rate and capacity than those seeds of more than 6 cm long. The size of seeds affected the initial growth of seedlings, but did not influence the subsequent growth of seedling after 3 months old. The selection of seeds was done by removing the seeds of less than 6 cm long.

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“…Since the establishment of the International Provenance trial of S. birrea, published papers on survival percentage [11], vegetative growth and fruit production [6,12,13], morphometric fruit traits [5], have been written on the trial. But no study has been conducted on the trial to address issues of phenology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenology of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Provenances

et al. 2019

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Phenology study was conducted to assess 22 genotypes of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, collected from West, Eastern and Southern Africa. Assessments were done on time for bud onset, flower opening, leaf flush, fruit set, fruit maturity period and fruit production. Highly significant (P< 0.001) variations between provenances were obtained in all the phenological traits assessed including variations between sexes in time from flower bud set to anthesis. There was flowering overlaps and synchrony between provenances and sexes with males flowering earlier than females. So far two subpopulations have emerged within the trial referred to as early and late flowering genotypes. The early flowering included provenances from Mozambique, and Swaziland while the late flowering encompassed provenances from Malawi, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia. Fruit maturity period ranged from 76±2 to 192±15days. The early flowering genotypes flowered, fruited and matured between August and January while the late genotypes flowered and fruited from September to May. There were highly significant (P≤0.001) variations in fruit yield of S. birrea provenances between 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons with the former being more productive than the later confirming that S. birrea fruit yield is not constant across seasons due to seed mating effects. There were very strong positive relationship ranging r=0.81 to r=0.78 between leaf flush, bud set, flower opening and fruit set significant at (P<0.001). Some trees classified as females in the first year as based on flowers were found have male flowers which calls for more detailed investigations into this sex change behaviour.

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Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst.

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular Characterization of Sclerocarya birrea ICRAF Field Genebank Collections

Molecular Characterization of Sclerocarya birrea ICRAF Field Genebank Collections

Variation of seed sizes and its effect on germination and seedling growth of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)

Phenology of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Provenances

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