Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA

Malysheva, Angelina; Kokhmetova, Alma; Urazaliev, Rakhym; Kumarbayeva, Madina; Keishilov, Zhenis; Nurzhuma, Makpal; Bolatbekova, Ardak; Kokhmetova, Assiya

doi:10.3390/plants12152786

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…Apart from leaf blotch diseases, leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina Erikss.) [ 2 , 13 , 14 ], yellow rust ( Puccinia striiformis Westend.) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], and stem rust ( Puccinia graminis f. tritici Erikss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Wheat Septoria tritici Resistance Genes in Wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers

Kokhmetova,

Bolatbekova,

Zeleneva

et al. 2024

Plants

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Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici) is the main threat to global food security; it is a fungal disease that presents one of the most serious threats to wheat crops, causing severe yield losses worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. The pathogen leads to crop losses reaching from 15 to 50%. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate a wheat collection for Z. tritici resistance during the adult plant and seedling growth stages, (2) identify the sources of resistance genes that provide resistance to Z. tritici using molecular markers linked to Stb genes, and (3) identify potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes among cultivars and advanced breeding lines. This study evaluated 60 winter and spring wheat genotypes for Z. tritici resistance. According to the field reactions, 22 entries (35.7%) showed ≤10% disease severity in both years. The resistant reaction to a mix of Z. tritici isolates in the seedling stage was associated with adult plant resistance to disease in four wheat entries. The resistance of Rosinka 3 was due to the presence of Stb8; Omskaya 18 showed an immune reaction in the field and a moderately susceptible reaction in the seedling stage, possibly provided by a combination of the Stb7 and Stb2 genes. The high resistance in both the adult and seedling stages of Omskaya 29 and KR11-03 was due to the Stb4 and Stb2 genes and, possibly, due to the presence of unknown genes. A linked marker analysis revealed the presence of several Stb genes. The proportion of wheat entries with Stb genes was quite high at twenty-seven of the genotypes tested (45.0%), including four from Kazakhstan, nine from Russia, nine from the CIMMYT-ICARDA-IWWIP program, and five from the CIMMYT-SEPTMON nursery. Among the sixty entries, ten (16.7%) carried the resistance genes Stb2 and Stb8, and the gene Stb4 was found in seven cultivars (11.6%). Marker-assisted selection can be efficiently applied to develop wheat cultivars with effective Stb gene combinations that would directly assist in developing durable resistance in Kazakhstan. Resistant genotypes could also be used as improved parents in crossing programs to develop new wheat cultivars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Wheat Septoria tritici Resistance Genes in Wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers

Kokhmetova,

Bolatbekova,

Zeleneva

et al. 2024

Plants

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Identification of Rust Resistance Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Molecular Markers and Host–Pathogen Interaction Tests

Pal,

Kumar,

Bhardwaj

et al. 2024

Journal of Phytopathology

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The leaf rust (Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) are major fungal constraints affecting wheat production worldwide. Identifying and deploying wheat varieties with diverse resistance are the best ways to manage all the rusts. Therefore, a continuous search goes on to identify diverse germplasm with effective rust resistance that expresses at different stages of plant growth (seedling and adult plant). A set of 22 rust resistant wheat genotypes and 4 checks (controls), viz., Avocet‐Yr10, Avocet ‐Yr15, Agra Local, and respective positive checks were studied for characterising rust resistance genes using host–pathogen interactions complemented by molecular markers. Among 22 elite genotypes, 05 genotypes amplified 191 bp fragment with marker PSY1E1, confirmed the presence of gene Lr19/Sr25. These genotypes also expressed resistance to most virulent leaf rust pathotypes, 77‐5 and 77‐9 in host–pathogen interaction test (HPI). Seven genotypes showed the presence of Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Ltn1 in homozygous state, whereas G4 showed its presence in heterozygous condition. Among 22 genotypes, 16 genotypes possessed Yr10. Five genotypes (22.7%) exhibited two gene combinations, Lr19/Sr25, and Yr10 as revealed through the detection of 191 bp fragment with marker PSY1E1 and 260 bp fragment with co‐dominantly inherited microsatellite marker Xpsp3000, respectively. All five genotypes (G2, G3, G8, G9, and G18) also expressed brown glumes controlled by the gene Rg1 tightly linked to Yr10 on the 1BS chromosome. Broad spectrum rust resistance present in these lines in good agronomic backgrounds could be used as potent genetic donors for diverse and durable rust resistance breeding programmes in wheat.

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Unveiling Genetic Variation in Garlic Genotypes in Response to Rust Disease Using RAPD Markers

Askari,

Esfahani,

Shirazi

et al. 2024

OBM Genet

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Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>), cultivated worldwide for its medicinal and nutritional value, faces challenges due to diseases caused by various pathogens. In this study, eleven garlic genotypes from Iran and one from China were selected and sown under natural infection rendered by the rust fungus (<em>Puccinia alli</em>) over two consecutive years. Subsequently, disease distribution and severity, percentage of infection and susceptibility of different garlic genotypes to rust disease were investigated. The results showed that genotype Solan was the most susceptible, with disease severity of 30.81%. In comparison, genotypes Aliabad and Bahar were resistant against rust disease with the lowest infection percentages of 13% and 16.37%, respectively. Further, genetic diversity was assessed using random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 10 primers used, 95 scorable bands were generated, of which 66 (69.48%) were found to be polymorphic. A dendrogram was constructed based on RAPD polymorphism using the UPGMA method, and the genotypes were separated into six distinct clusters based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. Additionally, it was observed that there is no genetic differentiation among the genotypes based on their geographical origin. This study highlights the significant diversity in resistance and susceptibility among garlic genotypes, which can be harnessed in plant breeding programs.

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Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Identification of Wheat Septoria tritici Resistance Genes in Wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers

Identification of Wheat Septoria tritici Resistance Genes in Wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers

Identification of Rust Resistance Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Molecular Markers and Host–Pathogen Interaction Tests

Unveiling Genetic Variation in Garlic Genotypes in Response to Rust Disease Using RAPD Markers

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