Phenylethyl Resorcinol Loaded in Liposomal Cream Formulation for Cosmeceutical Application

Abstract

Phenylethyl Resorcinol (PR) is a cosmeceutical skin lightening agent and the purpose of this study was to enhance its stability by using liposomal cream formulation which increases local efficacy and safety. Liposome formulation was prepared by modified ethanol injection method, and it contained soy phosphatidyl choline (SPC), cholesterol (CHO), Tween 80 (TW80) and deoxycholic acid (DA) mixed with 2% PR. The physicochemical properties, skin permeation as well as cellular study were evaluated in order to obtain the optimized formulation. The optimized liposome formulation composed of SPC:TW80:DA (84:16:2.5) and exhibited vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of 286.4±8.04 nm, 0.317±0.03 and -39.20±3.85 mV, respectively. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of liposome formulation was 93.55±0.05%. The vesicle was spherical in shape and showed good physicochemical stability for 4 months. The skin permeation study demonstrated that liposome with a negative charge could result in a high PR skin deposition value of 1732.76±216.24 µg/cm2 after 24 h. Cellular study showed that liposome formulation could inhibit melanin content in B16 melanoma cells and enhance cell viability in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. The optimized PR liposome was incorporated in cream and investigated physicochemical properties, stability and skin permeation. Liposomal PR cream showed a good stability and a superior result than PR cream in skin permeation parameters, as well as in tyrosinase inhibition.

Continuous production of nanoemulsion for skincare product using a 3D-printed rotor-stator hydrodynamic cavitation reactor

“…Nanoemulsion formulations with electrical potentials greater than or less than −30 mV are considered stable colloidal suspension systems with excellent stability against nanoparticle aggregation [57] , [58] . To enhance the zeta potential value, surfactants must be added to the O/W and W/O emulsions [59] , [60] . For analyzing the zeta potential of the emulsions, a Zetasizer Nano ZS analyzer was used to measure the conductivity of the nanoemulsions at 25 °C using the laser Doppler electrophoresis technique.…”

“…The physical appearance of the samples were examined to detect eye-visible structures and phase separation after 1, 30, 60, and 90 d of storage. Six heating-cooling cycles were performed between the temperatures of −4 °C and 45 °C, with a storage time of 24 h, for freeze-thaw cycle stress testing [60] . After each cycle, the stability of the nanoemultions was determined by evaluating their physical appearance.…”

“…A cellulose acetate membrane with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 3500 Da was prepared for the space between the donor and receptor compartments, while carefully avoiding the formation of bubbles in the gap. The receptor compartment was filled with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to maintain sink conditions [60] . Subsequently, 1 g of the niacin emulsion or nanoemulsion was applied after 30 min of equilibration in a water bath.…”

Nanoliposome Use to Improve the Stability of Phenylethyl Resorcinol and Serve as a Skin Penetration Enhancer for Skin Whitening

“…These conventional liposomes had a big vesicle size and low encapsulation efficiency. Panithi Raknam et al [23] developed Liposomal Cream Formulation by the modified ethanol injection method. However, these liposomes ranged in size from 200-640 nm and were too large to penetrate the skin into the basal layer [23].…”

“…Panithi Raknam et al [23] developed Liposomal Cream Formulation by the modified ethanol injection method. However, these liposomes ranged in size from 200-640 nm and were too large to penetrate the skin into the basal layer [23]. It has been reported that small liposomes have better transdermal delivery capability than larger liposomes [24].…”