Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Induced by Wounding and Insect Herbivory

Bernards, Mark A.; Båstrup-Spohr, Lars

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8182-8_9

Cited by 47 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Flavonoids are known to be involved in defence against microbial pathogens, UV and drought, and resistance to nematodes and other generalist herbivore attack [35,36]. Compared with tannins, flavonoids are not as prominent with respect to defence against herbivores, especially to specialists [37]. Thus, regarding defence to herbivory by specialists, such as the flea beetle in this study, tannins may be more important than flavonoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores

et al. 2013

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To date, it remains unclear how herbivore-induced changes in plant primary and secondary metabolites impact above-ground and below-ground herbivore interactions. Here, we report effects of above-ground (adult) and belowground (larval) feeding by Bikasha collaris on nitrogen and secondary chemicals in shoots and roots of Triadica sebifera to explain reciprocal aboveground and below-ground insect interactions. Plants increased root tannins with below-ground herbivory, but above-ground herbivory prevented this increase and larval survival doubled. Above-ground herbivory elevated root nitrogen, probably contributing to increased larval survival. However, plants increased foliar tannins with above-ground herbivory and belowground herbivory amplified this increase, and adult survival decreased. As either foliar or root tannins increased, foliar flavonoids decreased, suggesting a trade-off between these chemicals. Together, these results show that plant chemicals mediate contrasting effects of conspecific larval and adult insects, whereas insects may take advantage of plant responses to facilitate their offspring performance, which may influence population dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores

et al. 2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 It is also believed that the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, the first precursor in phenylpropanoid cycle, is induced after insect damage. 32 In addition, phenylalanine is implicated in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) which mediates plant defense against pathogens and insect attack. 17,33 SA accumulation, in both infected and distal leaves after pathogens attack, is necessary to activate pathogenesis-related gene expression and induce the synthesis of defensive compounds in infected plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino acids implicated in plantdefenseare higher inCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus-tolerant citrus varieties

Killiny

Hijaz

2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, has been threatening the citrus industry since the early 1900's and up to this date there are no effective cures for this disease. Field observations and greenhouse controlled studies demonstrated that some citrus genotypes are more tolerant to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) pathogen than others. However, the mechanisms underpinning tolerance has not been determined yet. The phloem sap composition of CLas-tolerant and sensitive citrus varieties was studied to identify metabolites that could be responsible for their tolerance to CLas. The citrus phloem sap was collected by centrifugation and was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after methyl chloroformate derivatization. Thirty-three metabolites were detected in the phloem sap of the studied varieties: twenty 20 amino acids, eight 8 organic acids, and five 5 fatty acids. Interestingly, the levels of most amino acids, especially those implicated in plantdefense to pathogens such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, and asparagine were higher in tolerant varieties. Although the level of organic acids varied between cultivars, this variation was not correlated with citrus resistance to CLas and could be cultivar specific. The fatty acids were found in trace amounts and in most cases their levels were not significantly different among varieties. Better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning citrus tolerance to CLas will help in developing economically tolerant varieties.

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“…High anthocyanin level may provide a visual cue to insect herbivores about a relatively high level of leaf total phenolic compounds which inhibit feeding of larvae and lead to their death (Karageorgou et al 2008;Bouzouina et al 2012;Oszmiański et al 2014). In addition, feeding of herbivorous insect may induce accumulation of phenolics in leaves of host plants (Bernards and Båstrup-Spohr 2008). Chemical compounds that may act as defensive agents as well as alimentary deterrents are flavonols, which inhibit the growth of larvae, causing an extension of the larval period and increased larval mortality (Adeyemi et al 2010;Martemyanov et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

et al. 2017

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For over 20 years, trees of Aesculus spp. have been attacked by the larvae of Cameraria ohridella, which causes damage to the leaves. It has been observed that members of the genus Aesculus are characterized by diverse susceptibility to C. ohridella. Four specimens of the Aesculus genus which differ in susceptibility to this leaf miner-Aesculus turbinata (susceptible), Aesculus 9 neglecta (resistant) and two specimens of Aesculus hippocastanum (relatively susceptible and relatively resistant)-were examined. The levels of substances which may function as attractants (chloroplast pigments, anthocyanins), deterrents or repellents (flavonols, phenols), or a source of nutrients (free a-amino acids and carbohydrates) were determined in leaves of these four trees during two growing seasons. The results showed that the more pestsusceptible A. turbinata had, in both growing seasons, significantly higher levels of leaf carbohydrates and anthocyanins than the resistant Ae. 9 neglecta. Thus, anthocyanins and carbohydrates may be the traits which affect oviposition preference and favor the feeding of C. ohridella in the susceptible Ae. turbinata. The relatively susceptible specimen of Ae. hippocastanum contained slightly higher carbohydrate and anthocyanin levels than the relatively resistant one, but only in one growing season. Therefore, it does not explain the causes of their different susceptibility to the pest. The concentration of phenolics in the susceptible Ae. turbinata tree and the relatively susceptible Ae. hippocastanum individual was higher than in the resistant Ae. 9 neglecta and relatively resistant Ae. hippocastanum, respectively. This may suggest that leaf phenolic composition, but not overall concentration, is responsible for different susceptibility of examined trees of Aesculus spp. to the horse-chestnut leaf miner. The present results also demonstrate that the determined chemical compounds do not constitute a complete description of the biochemical relationships between C. ohridella and the examined horse-chestnut trees.

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Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Induced by Wounding and Insect Herbivory

Cited by 47 publications

References 56 publications

Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores

Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores

Amino acids implicated in plantdefenseare higher inCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus-tolerant citrus varieties

Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

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