Pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in algae

Frenkel, Johannes; Vyverman, Wim; Pohnert, Georg

doi:10.1111/tpj.12496

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The occurrence of growth arrest concomitantly with sexual reproduction is known in yeast, where the cell cycle is arrested in G1 as a consequence of pheromone signalling (Wilkinson & Pringle, 1974). One of the roles of pheromones is indeed cell synchronization to release gametes, simultaneously increasing the success of sexual reproduction (Frenkel et al ., 2014). A total of 1112 genes (9% of the total P. multistriata genes) were differentially expressed in any of the comparisons (all sexualized vs all control samples, MT+ sexualized vs MT+ controls, and MT− sexualized vs MT− controls) (Tables S10, S11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom

et al. 2017

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Summary Microalgae play a major role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Cell signalling regulates their interactions with the environment and other organisms, yet this process in phytoplankton is poorly defined. Using the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata, we investigated the cell response to cues released during sexual reproduction, an event that demands strong regulatory mechanisms and impacts on population dynamics.We sequenced the genome of P. multistriata and performed phylogenomic and transcriptomic analyses, which allowed the definition of gene gains and losses, horizontal gene transfers, conservation and evolutionary rate of sex‐related genes. We also identified a small number of conserved noncoding elements.Sexual reproduction impacted on cell cycle progression and induced an asymmetric response of the opposite mating types. G protein‐coupled receptors and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are implicated in the response to sexual cues, which overall entails a modulation of cell cycle, meiosis‐related and nutrient transporter genes, suggesting a fine control of nutrient uptake even under nutrient‐replete conditions.The controllable life cycle and the genome sequence of P. multistriata allow the reconstruction of changes occurring in diatoms in a key phase of their life cycle, providing hints on the evolution and putative function of their genes and empowering studies on sexual reproduction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom

et al. 2017

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“…, Frenkel et al. ), and mobility abilities for active pairing. In addition, in the larger size range, cells must be physiologically ready for meiosis which leads to gametogenesis (diatom are diplonts).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Frenkel et al. ). It is however surprising that a similar link between DA production and life cycle was not found in the two other Pseudo‐nitzschia species which present the same sexual reproduction pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When entering the larger size range, cells seem to acquire the physiological abilities required for pairing, gametogenesis, and fertilization. This may include production of pheromones for the recognition of complementary sexual types (Sato et al 2011, Guillard et al 2013, Frenkel et al 2014, and mobility abilities for active pairing. In addition, in the larger size range, cells must be physiologically ready for meiosis which leads to gametogenesis (diatom are diplonts).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo‐nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae)

Sauvey

Claquin

Roy

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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We used a multistrain approach to study the intra‐ and interspecific variability of the growth rates of three Pseudo‐nitzschia species – P. australis, P. fraudulenta, and P. pungens – and of their domoic acid (DA) production. We carried out mating and batch experiments to investigate the respective effects of strain age and cell size, and thus the influence of their life cycle on the physiology of these species. The cell size – life cycle relationship was characteristic of each species. The influence of age and cell size on the intraspecific variability of growth rates suggests that these characteristics should be considered cautiously for the strains used in physiological studies on Pseudo‐nitzschia species. The results from all three species do not support the hypothesis of a decrease in DA production with time since isolation from natural populations. In P. australis, the cellular DA content was rather a function of cell size. More particularly, cells at the gametangia stage of their life cycle contained up to six times more DA than smaller or larger cells incapable of sexual reproduction. These findings reveal a link between P. australis life cycle and cell toxicity. This suggest that life cycle dynamics in Pseudo‐nitzschia natural populations may influence bloom toxicity.

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“…Frenkel et al . () provide a fascinating, up‐to‐date insight to the chemical diversity of the pheromones and signaling systems employed by different algal models. Although experimentally challenging, analysis of these intraspecific signals bears significant potential in regulating the life cycle and controlling sexual reproduction in algal cultures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Small molecules: from structural diversity to signalling and regulatory roles

Tholl

Aharoni

2014

The Plant Journal

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For many years, the role of low molecular weight chemicals in plant signaling and regulation was restricted to a small set of molecules, largely those considered phytohormones including auxins, cytokinines, abscisates, gibberellins, and more. Yet, small molecules belonging to diverse chemical classes that are not defined as hormones have been demonstrated to act as mediators of signaling and regulatory cascades. While it is currently difficult to estimate how many such molecules function in plants, it might be that those identified to date are only a small portion of the ones functioning in a single plant. Small molecules could be acting not only at the level of proteins and membranes, but could also mediate mechanisms associated with DNA, mRNA, and small and long non-coding RNAs. Identifying such molecules is a difficult task partially due to the limited availability of methodologies to conduct large-scale in vivo detection of direct interactions with small molecules as well as the classically acknowledged low abundance of these molecules. At the same time, in contrast to what is generally recognized, a certain portion of signaling and regulatory small molecules accumulate to significant levels rather than at low levels, particularly lipid and carbohydrates derivatives. Even in cases when a certain molecule is associated with a particular process, the in vivo activity and role of its derivatives, conjugates and catabolites typically remain unresolved. Adding to the complexity of the role of small molecules in signaling and regulation is their intra-organismal transport that can take place in the same cell, between connected cells, in between nearby unconnected cells and distant cells. It may also be extraorganismal as in the case of volatiles and secreted chemicals.Despite the many challenges in detecting and functionally characterizing small molecules, genomics advances paired with increasingly sophisticated metabolomics approaches have led to a steady increase in the discovery of metabolites of diverse structure and roles in signaling and regulatory processes. This special issue will highlight recent advances and discoveries in the field of small molecule research ranging from signaling metabolites in primary metabolism to molecules with roles in inter-or intra-specific interactions in plants and algae. The reader will find traditional functional classifications of small molecules to become increasingly blurred since many chemicals act as exogenous signals and simultaneously serve important endogenous functions in plant physiology and development.In the first paper of this special issue, Lunn et al. (2014) describe particular sugars, namely trehalose and its phosphorylated intermediate trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), as potential signaling metabolites. The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is renown in many organisms as an osmoprotectant while in plants it is currently implicated in signaling associated with abiotic stress response as well as below and above ground interactions. Reports on a tight correlatio...

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Pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in algae

Cited by 70 publications

References 120 publications

Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom

Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom

Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo‐nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae)

Small molecules: from structural diversity to signalling and regulatory roles

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