Phialosimplex salinarum, a new species of Eurotiomycetes from a hypersaline habitat

Greiner, Katrin; Peršoh, Derek; Weig, Alfons; Rambold, Gerhard

doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.01

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…from hypersaline habitats, i.e. marine environments (Ravindran et al, 2012), and a salt mine (Greiner et al, 2014). In the last study, the isolated strains were established as a new species, namely Phialosimplex salinarum, and all strains were shown to degrade cellulose and proteins (Greiner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Results Derived From Cotton Swabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amid the possible causes of a very famous foxing: molecular and microscopic insight into Leonardo da Vinci's self‐portrait

Piñar

Tafer

Sterflinger

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Leonardo da Vinci's self‐portrait is affected by foxing spots. The portrait has no fungal or bacterial infections in place, but is contaminated with airborne spores and fungal material that could play a role in its disfigurement. The knowledge of the nature of the stains is of great concern because future conservation treatments should be derived from scientific investigations. The lack of reliable scientific data, due to the non‐culturability of the microorganisms inhabiting the portrait, prompted the investigation of the drawing using non‐invasive and micro‐invasive sampling, in combination with scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and molecular techniques. The fungus E urotium halophilicum was found in foxing spots using SEM analyses. Oxalates of fungal origin were also documented. Both findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tonophilic fungi germinate on paper metabolizing organic acids, oligosaccharides and proteic compounds, which react chemically with the material at a low water activity, forming brown products and oxidative reactions resulting in foxing spots. Additionally, molecular techniques enabled a screening of the fungi inhabiting the portrait and showed differences when different sampling techniques were employed. Swabs samples showed a high abundance of lichenized Ascomycota, while the membrane filters showed a dominance of A cremonium sp. colonizing the drawing.

show abstract

Section: Results Derived From Cotton Swabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amid the possible causes of a very famous foxing: molecular and microscopic insight into Leonardo da Vinci's self‐portrait

Piñar

Tafer

Sterflinger

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Aspergilla are not produced. The species are halophilic or osmophilic (Wheeler et al., 1988, Wheeler and Hocking, 1993, Greiner et al., 2014, Piñar et al., 2015, Piñar et al., 2016). The subgenus Polypaecilum contains species of the previously known genera Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex .…”

Section: Taxonomic Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles

Kocsubé¹,

Perrone²,

Magistà³

et al. 2016

Studies in Mycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus were presented: one attributes the name “Aspergillus” to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes (RPB1, RPB2, Tsr1, Cct8, BenA, CaM), using 96 species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus. The other analyses were also performed by using publicly available data of the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), RPB1, RPB2, CaM, BenA, Tsr1, Cct8) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Aspergillus. The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesis that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic genus Penicillium. There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum. Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus. The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A. zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflavus and A. zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite profiles indicating that the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic class in phenotypic characters.

show abstract

“…The last three subgenera have the common feature in that they grow well at very low water activities and often tolerate high concentrations of sodium chloride (most pronounced in subgenus Aspergillus section Aspergillus and Restricti, most of the species formerly in the genus Eurotium) (Pitt and Hocking 2009). Halotolerance or xerotolerance is also reflected in the halotolerant Polypaecilum pisci being transferred to Aspergillus pisci, and Basipetospora halophile = Oospora halophile = Scopulariopsis halophilica = Phialosimplex halophila (Pitt and Hocking 1985;Greiner et al 2014) being transferred to Aspergillus baarnensis and Phialosimplex salinarum obviously also to be transferred to Aspergillus . Subgenus Circumdati and and its sister subgenus Nidulantes are closely related, for example hülle cells, aflat o x i n s , k o j i c a c i d , i n d o l e d i t e r p e n e s , a n d bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctanes are found in both subgenera (Raper and Fennell 1965;Yaguchi et al 1994;Varga et al 2009;Finefield et al 2012;Cai et al 2013).…”

Section: Chemodiversity Of Aspergillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

Frisvad

Larsen

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isolates of Aspergillus species are able to produce a large number of secondary metabolites. The profiles of biosynthetic families of secondary metabolites are species specific, whereas individual secondary metabolite families can occur in other species, even those phylogenetically and ecologically unrelated to Aspergillus. Furthermore, there is a high degree of chemo-consistency from isolate to isolate in a species even though certain metabolite gene clusters are silenced in some isolates. Genome sequencing projects have shown that the diversity of secondary metabolites is much larger in each species than previously thought. The potential of finding even further new bioactive drug candidates in Aspergillus is evident, despite the fact that many secondary metabolites have already been structure elucidated and chemotaxonomic studies have shown that many new secondary metabolites have yet to be characterized. The genus Aspergillus is cladistically holophyletic but phenotypically polythetic and very diverse and is associated to quite different sexual states. Following the one fungus one name system, the genus Aspergillus is restricted to a holophyletic clade that include the morphologically different genera Aspergillus, Dichotomomyces, Phialosimplex, Polypaecilum and Cristaspora. Secondary metabolites common between the subgenera and sections of Aspergillus are surprisingly few, but many metabolites are common to a majority of species within the sections. We call small molecule extrolites in the same biosynthetic family isoextrolites. However, it appears that secondary metabolites from one Aspergillus section have analogous metabolites in other sections (here also called heteroisoextrolites). In this review, we give a genus-wide overview of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus species. Extrolites appear to have evolved because of ecological challenges rather than being inherited from ancestral species, at least when comparing the species in the different sections of Aspergillus. Within the Aspergillus sections, secondary metabolite pathways seem to inherit from ancestral species, but the profiles of these secondary metabolites are shaped by the biotic and abiotic environment. We hypothesize that many new and unique section-specific small molecule extrolites in each of the Aspergillus will be discovered.

show abstract

Phialosimplex salinarum, a new species of Eurotiomycetes from a hypersaline habitat

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Amid the possible causes of a very famous foxing: molecular and microscopic insight into Leonardo da Vinci's self‐portrait

Amid the possible causes of a very famous foxing: molecular and microscopic insight into Leonardo da Vinci's self‐portrait

Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About