Phlebotomus and Carrión's Disease

Hertig, Marshall

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1942.s1-22.11

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Negative results were however obtained by the same authors when they examined large numbers of soil samples from open ground and under trees. Pifano (1941), in Venezuela, found larvae of sandflies in cracks in the wall of a home; Hertig (1942) in Peru found a pupal case in a rockwall; and Hanson (1961), working in Panama, found 2258 larvae and pupae in butresses, forest floors, burrows, hollow trees, under overhanging roofs, base of trees, nest refuse, tree holes, chicken coop floor and ground cracks. In Spain, Najera (1946) found larvae in rubbish taken along streets in Madrid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of the epidemiology of leishmaniases in Kenya—II: The breeding sites of phlebotomine sandflies in Marigat, Baringo District, Kenya

Mutinga

Kamau

1986

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Investigations on sandfly breeding sites in Marigat, Baringo District, in Kenya were carried out using a soil incubation technique. Soil samples from natural resting sites were collected, incubated and observed daily for emerging adult phlebotomine sandflies. This technique proved to be the best in the recovery of phlebotomine sandflies from known resting sites. Ten sandfly species were recovered from soil collected from animal burrows and termite hills.Resume-Des etude sur les sites de reproduction des phlebotomes ont ete deja faites en utilisant plusieurs methodes en vue de detecter les stades preimaginaux des phlebotomes. Certaines des techniques deja utilisees comprenaien l'examen direct du sol, la technique de flottation utilisant une solution de sulphate de cuivre, une solution de sucre saturee et une reproduction simulee placee dans des sites de repos naturels. Ces techniques n'ont pas eu de succes en ce qui concerne Identification des sites de reproduction. Les etudes en cours a Marigat, District de Baringo, ont utilise la technique de l'incubation du sol. On a preleve des echantillons de sol naturel des sites. Ces sols ont ete soummis e l'incubation et observes chaque jour pour detecter l'emergence des phlbotomes adultes. Cette technique s'est averee un outil utile dans ces examens. Dix especes differents de phlebotomes etaient recuperes du sol collecte des terriers et des termitieres.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of the epidemiology of leishmaniases in Kenya—II: The breeding sites of phlebotomine sandflies in Marigat, Baringo District, Kenya

Mutinga

Kamau

1986

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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“…verrucarum into monkeys (Noguchi et al , 1929) and later by successful transmission by wild Lu. verrucarum induced to feed on macaques (Hertig, 1942). Other studies (Shannon, 1929) provided further evidence that Lu.…”

Section: Bartonellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern

Maroli

Feliciangeli

Bichaud

et al. 2012

Medical Vet Entomology

679

566

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Abstract. Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrión's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrión's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin.

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“…It is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis , a bacterium presumed to be transmitted between humans through bites of infected female phlebotomine sand flies, most notably Lutzomyia verrucarum [1]–[4]. Humans are the only known reservoir.…”

Section: Janus: the Two Faces Of Carrión's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana: Bartonelloses Unique to South America

et al. 2014

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Bartonella bacilliformis is the bacterial agent of Carrión's disease and is presumed to be transmitted between humans by phlebotomine sand flies. Carrión's disease is endemic to high-altitude valleys of the South American Andes, and the first reported outbreak (1871) resulted in over 4,000 casualties. Since then, numerous outbreaks have been documented in endemic regions, and over the last two decades, outbreaks have occurred at atypical elevations, strongly suggesting that the area of endemicity is expanding. Approximately 1.7 million South Americans are estimated to be at risk in an area covering roughly 145,000 km2 of Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. Although disease manifestations vary, two disparate syndromes can occur independently or sequentially. The first, Oroya fever, occurs approximately 60 days following the bite of an infected sand fly, in which infection of nearly all erythrocytes results in an acute hemolytic anemia with attendant symptoms of fever, jaundice, and myalgia. This phase of Carrión's disease often includes secondary infections and is fatal in up to 88% of patients without antimicrobial intervention. The second syndrome, referred to as verruga peruana, describes the endothelialcell-derived, blood-filled tumors that develop on the surface of the skin. Verrugae are rarely fatal, but can bleed and scar the patient. Moreover, these persistently infected humans provide a reservoir for infecting sand flies and thus maintaining B. bacilliformis in nature. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding this life-threatening, neglected bacterial pathogen and review its host-cell parasitism, molecular pathogenesis, phylogeny, sand fly vectors, diagnostics, and prospects for control.

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Phlebotomus and Carrión's Disease

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Investigations of the epidemiology of leishmaniases in Kenya—II: The breeding sites of phlebotomine sandflies in Marigat, Baringo District, Kenya

Investigations of the epidemiology of leishmaniases in Kenya—II: The breeding sites of phlebotomine sandflies in Marigat, Baringo District, Kenya

Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern

Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana: Bartonelloses Unique to South America

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