Phosphate Fertilizers

Kongshaug, Gunnar; Brentnall, Bernard A.; Chaney, Keith; Gregersen, Jan-Helge; Stokka, Per; Persson, Björn; Kolmeijer, Nick W.; Conradsen, Arne; Legard, Torbjørn; Munk, H.; Skauli, Øyvind

doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_421

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…). It is possible that other elements contained in P fertilizers regulate P effects (Kongshaug et al ., ). Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 fertilizer comprised of single superphosphate and triple superphosphate, which contain sulfur (S) and calcium (Ca) in commercial products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggravated phosphorus limitation on biomass production under increasing nitrogen loading: a meta‐analysis

Niu

2016

Global Change Biology

429

288

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Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), either individually or in combination, have been demonstrated to limit biomass production in terrestrial ecosystems. Field studies have been extensively synthesized to assess global patterns of N impacts on terrestrial ecosystem processes. However, to our knowledge, no synthesis has been done so far to reveal global patterns of P impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, especially under different nitrogen (N) levels. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of impacts of P addition, either alone or with N addition, on aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass production (BGB), plant and soil P concentrations, and N : P ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, our meta-analysis quantitatively confirmed existing notions: (i) colimitation of N and P on biomass production and (ii) more P limitation in tropical forest than other ecosystems. More importantly, our analysis revealed new findings: (i) P limitation on biomass production was aggravated by N enrichment and (ii) plant P concentration was a better indicator of P limitation than soil P availability. Specifically, P addition increased AGB and BGB by 34% and 13%, respectively. The effect size of P addition on biomass production was larger in tropical forest than grassland, wetland, and tundra and varied with P fertilizer forms, P addition rates, or experimental durations. The P-induced increase in biomass production and plant P concentration was larger under elevated than ambient N. Our findings suggest that the global limitation of P on biomass production will become severer under increasing N fertilizer and deposition in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single superphosphate has 11–12% of S and 18–21% of Ca in combination. Triple superphosphate has 1.5% of S and 15% of Ca (Kongshaug et al ., ). The presence of S and Ca in Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 fertilizer may facilitate plant growth because both nutrients are deficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggravated phosphorus limitation on biomass production under increasing nitrogen loading: a meta‐analysis

Niu

2016

Global Change Biology

429

288

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“…4a). The CaP coating consisted mainly of DCPD and a small quantity of calcium ferric phosphate (CFP, CaFe2(HPO4)4•nH2O), which always precipitates with DCPD in the Ca-Fe-P system [45]. These two phases still co-existed in the Ag/CaP-c coating, and also a small quantity of Ag appeared.…”

Section: Coating Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of silver containing calcium phosphate coatings on pure iron foam intended for bone scaffold applications

Champagne

Trenggono

et al. 2018

Materials & Design

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Despite its high structural strength and degradability, the potentiality of pure iron foam for bone scaffolds is low due to its lack of surface bioactivity. This work aims to provide a surface bioactivity to the iron foam by developing a calcium phosphate (CaP) conversion coating. Silver (Ag), known for its antibacterial property, was then incorporated onto the CaP coating via co-deposition (Ag/CaP-c) and post-treatment (Ag/CaP-p). By tuning the Ca/P ion ratio and Ag concentration during the coating process, an optimum coating parameter was obtained. All coatings were found to enhance mineralization ability and mechanical integrity of the iron foam over time. Electrochemical and immersion tests indicated that the coatings regulated the degradation rate of the iron foam via a variation of coating resistance and capacitance. Silver ions were released slowly from the Ag/CaP coating during the immersion test indicating a potential long-term antibacterial property of the coating. Details on the coating design and process optimization, the effects of three different simulated physiological solutions, and the mechanical property of the coated iron foam are discussed in this report.

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“…At the current plant, the production runs by the nitrophosphate route. The complete industrial process is performed at the site (Kongshaug 1991). In short, the process is based on the dissolution of phosphate rock in mineral acid followed by neutralisation, concentration, and granulation or prilling.…”

Section: Aim Of the Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a nitrate fertiliser production plant

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian nitrate fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium nitrate fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m(-3) (min-max: <0.93-45) and 0.21 mg m(-3) (min-max: <0.085-11), respectively). Workers at the compound fertiliser departments B and C had significantly higher inhalable aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound fertiliser department A; however, the difference between the compound fertiliser department C and calcium nitrate department was slightly above the significant level. Workers at the compound fertiliser department A had significantly higher thoracic aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound fertiliser departments B and C. The results indicate that the extrathoracic aerosol fraction of the aerosol compared to the thoracic fraction dominated in most departments. Measurement of the main constituents Ca, K, Mg, and P in the water-soluble and water-insoluble aerosol mass fractions showed that the air concentrations of these elements were low. There is, however, a shift towards more water-soluble species as the production goes from raw material with phosphate rock towards the final product of fertilisers. Overall, the arithmetic mean of water-soluble Ca in the thoracic mass fraction was 51% (min-max: 1-100). A total of 169 personal samples were analysed for HNO(3) vapour and HF. The highest median concentration of HNO(3) (0.63 mg m(-3)) was in the compound fertiliser departments B, and all measurements but four of the HF concentrations were below the LOD of 190 μg m(-3). Exposures to NH(3), CO and NO(2) were measured using direct-reading electrochemical sensors and the time weighted overall averages were all below the LODs of the respective sensors, NH(3) 2 ppm; CO 2 ppm; and NO(2) 0.2 ppm, but some short-term peaks were detected. Even though our results indicate that the workers may experience peak exposure episodes when performing job tasks such as cleaning or maintenance work, the overall air concentrations are well below what is considered to cause known health risks.

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Phosphate Fertilizers

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Terminology … Show more

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Aggravated phosphorus limitation on biomass production under increasing nitrogen loading: a meta‐analysis

Aggravated phosphorus limitation on biomass production under increasing nitrogen loading: a meta‐analysis

Development and characterization of silver containing calcium phosphate coatings on pure iron foam intended for bone scaffold applications

Characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a nitrate fertiliser production plant

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