Phosphazene as an effective flame retardant for rapid curing epoxy resins

A phosphaphenanthrene‐based derivative for simultaneously improving flame retardant and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

“…epoxy and rigidity of macromolecular chain. 1,18,33 DMA test (Figure 4E,F) showed the storage modulus at 50 C of EP/PBO samples was bigger than EP, which illustrated the enhancement in rigidity after adding PBO. V e was further calculated by rubber elasticity formula, of which their values had a notable increase compared with that of EP.…”

Fire-retardant unsaturated polyester thermosets: The state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities

“…Nowhere is this more relevant than for polymers and polymer composites to be more fire-retardant, to keep people safe and the built environment secure [1,2]. Thermoset polymers are ideally suited for structural applications due to their mechanical strength [3][4][5], with unsaturated polyesters being the most commonly used resin for everyday applications in the construction, maritime, transportation and wind energy industries [6][7][8]. Their low cost, ease of processability combined with excellent mechanical and thermal stability, and chemical resistance means they are in demand, particularly in applications close to human activity.…”

“…The following research opportunities are proposed to develop next generation FRs for UP thermosets. (i) Research on the curing behaviour and chemo-rheological behaviour of UP resin containing FR is indispensable (examples [3,52] for epoxy/FR system) which poorly understood to date. This enable researchers to evaluate the side processability of UP system modified with FR.…”

Synthesis of cyclotriphosphazene‐containing imidazole as a thermally latent hardener for epoxy resins and its application in carbon fiber reinforced composites

“…Chlorocyclophosphazenes are a class of commercialized phosphorus-nitrogen compounds and have been widely applied in various chemical industries. [28][29][30] Herein, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) was used to modify 2-methylimidazole (2MI) through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The electronwithdrawing effects of the introduced cyclotriphosphazene group are expected to decrease the nucleophilicity of nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring, and thus reduce the curing reactivity of the prepared imidazole hardener.…”