Phospholipase A in Gram-negative bacteria and its role in pathogenesis

Istivan, Taghrid; Coloe, Peter J.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.28609-0

Cited by 129 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…cadF and cj1349 sequenced fragments were more than 97.6% conserved in all Arcobacter species tested. The ciaB gene (Campylobacter invasive antigen B) is involved in host cell invasion (23) pldA gene encodes outer membrane phospholipase A, a protein which hydrolyzes acyl ester bonds and can be found in various bacteria and fungi (18,34). The highest protein similarity of this gene is found in Campylobacter curvus (60%), Campylobacter concisus, and Campylobacter fetus subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Occurrence of Putative Virulence Genes in Arcobacter Species Isolated from Humans and Animals

et al. 2012

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Interest in arcobacters in veterinary and human public health has increased since the first report of the isolation of arcobacters from food of animal origin. Since then, studies worldwide have reported the occurrence of arcobacters on food and in food production animals and have highlighted possible transmission, especially of Arcobacter butzleri, to the human population. In humans, arcobacters are associated with enteritis and septicemia. To assess their clinical relevance for humans and animals, evaluation of potential virulence factors is required. However, up to now, little has been known about the mechanisms of pathogenicity. Because of their close phylogenetic affiliation to the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter and their similar clinical manifestations, the presence of nine putative Campylobacter virulence genes (cadF, ciaB, cj1349, hecA, hecB, irgA, mviN, pldA, and tlyA) previously identified in the recent Arcobacter butzleri ATCC 49616 genome sequence was determined in a large set of human and animal Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii strains after the development of rapid and accurate PCR assays and confirmed by sequencing and dot blot hybridization.A rcobacters are increasingly being isolated from a wide range of food products all over the world. These Gram-negative bacteria have been classified into the family Campylobacteraceae (35), although a recent annotation of the Arcobacter butzleri genome suggests a closer phylogenetic relation to Sulfurimonas denitrificans and Wolinella succinogenes, both members of the Helicobacteraceae, as well as to the deep-sea vent Epsilonproteobacteria members Sulfurovum and Nitratiruptor (26). At present, 13 Arcobacter species have been characterized, of which 6 were isolated from mammals. In humans, A. butzleri is predominantly associated with enteritis and septicemia (24,30,46), though Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii have also been isolated from diarrheal stool specimens (21,33,44). The other three species, Arcobacter cibarius (15), Arcobacter thereius (14), and Arcobacter trophiarum (4) are present in farm animals and on food of animal origin but have not yet been isolated from human specimens.Contaminated drinking water is identified as a major source of human Arcobacter infection in developing regions (1), whereas in industrialized countries, infections are assumed to be food-borne. Close contact with pets and person-to-person transmission are the other potential risk factors (9, 36). Arcobacters seem to be commonly present on food of animal origin, with the highest prevalence reported for poultry followed by pork and beef (38,42). The origin of the contamination on poultry products is still debated (39), but for pork and beef, feces transmitted during the slaughter process is regarded as the initial source of contamination (40, 44).The A. butzleri ATCC 49616 genome revealed that this strain has putative virulence determinants such as genes cadF and cj1349, coding for fibronectin binding proteins; the invasi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Occurrence of Putative Virulence Genes in Arcobacter Species Isolated from Humans and Animals

et al. 2012

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“…The pathogenesis of phospholipases results from the production of membranedestabilizing compounds and degradation of the host cell membrane phospholipids (259). Endogenous phospholipase A 1 , A 2 , and C activity has been previously identified in U. parvum serovar 3 and U. urealyticum serovars 4 and 8 (260)(261)(262).…”

Section: Phospholipases a And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY The human Ureaplasma species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from the amniotic fluid and placentae of women who deliver preterm and are also associated with spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, neonatal respiratory diseases, and chorioamnionitis. Despite the fact that these microorganisms have been habitually found within placentae of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, the role of Ureaplasma species as a causative agent has not been satisfactorily explained. There is also controversy surrounding their role in disease, particularly as not all women infected with Ureaplasma spp. develop chorioamnionitis. In this review, we provide evidence that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with diseases of pregnancy and discuss recent findings which demonstrate that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at the time of delivery. Here, we also discuss the proposed major virulence factors of Ureaplasma spp., with a focus on the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), which may facilitate modulation/alteration of the host immune response and potentially explain why only subpopulations of infected women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. The information presented within this review confirms that Ureaplasma spp. are not simply “innocent bystanders” in disease and highlights that these microorganisms are an often underestimated pathogen of pregnancy.

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“…The BPSL2198 protein was localized to the nuclear periphery (category IV). Phospholipases cleave phospholipids, and during infection, many act to disrupt the host cell plasma membrane, leading to host cell lysis or cytotoxicity (26). Sequence analysis of BPSL2198 also revealed a twin-arginine signal peptide sequence and a patatin-like phospholipase domain which is also present in ExoU, a cytotoxin with phospholipase A2 activity found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a known virulence factor (27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Identifies Putative Novel Virulence Genes, Including a Microbial Regulator of Host Cell Autophagy

et al. 2013

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e Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, contains a large pathogen genome (7.2 Mb) with ϳ2,000 genes of putative or unknown function. Interactions with potential hosts and environmental factors may induce rapid adaptations in these B. pseudomallei genes, which can be discerned through evolutionary analysis of multiple B. pseudomallei genomes. Here we show that several previously uncharacterized B. pseudomallei genes bearing genetic signatures of rapid adaptation (positive selection) can induce diverse cellular phenotypes when expressed in mammalian cells. Notably, several of these phenotypes are plausibly related to virulence, including multinuclear giant cell formation, apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Specifically, we show that BPSS0180, a type VI cluster-associated gene, is capable of inducing autophagy in both phagocytic and nonphagocytic mammalian cells. Following infection of macrophages, a B. pseudomallei mutant disrupted in BPSS0180 exhibited significantly decreased colocalization with LC3 and impaired intracellular survival; these phenotypes were rescued by introduction of an intact BPSS0180 gene. The results suggest that BPSS0180 may be a novel inducer of host cell autophagy that contributes to B. pseudomallei intracellular growth. More generally, our study highlights the utility of applying evolutionary principles to microbial genomes to identify novel virulence genes.

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Phospholipase A in Gram-negative bacteria and its role in pathogenesis

Cited by 129 publications

References 57 publications

Occurrence of Putative Virulence Genes in Arcobacter Species Isolated from Humans and Animals

Occurrence of Putative Virulence Genes in Arcobacter Species Isolated from Humans and Animals

The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis

Evolutionary Analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Identifies Putative Novel Virulence Genes, Including a Microbial Regulator of Host Cell Autophagy

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