Phospholipase, esterase and hemolytic activities of Candida spp. isolated from onychomycosis and oral lichen planus lesions

Pakshir, Keyvan; Zomorodian, Kamiar; Karamitalab, M.; Jafari, Maryam; Taraz, H.; Ebrahimi, Hooman

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.04.007

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although Candida is capable of producing exoenzymes, the quantity and potency of these enzymes are different. Production of extracellular hydrolases varies among the species and also depends on the source or site of infection [27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Deorukhkar

Saini

Mathew

2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

208

162

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The very nature of infectious diseases has undergone profound changes in the past few decades. Fungi once considered as nonpathogenic or less virulent are now recognized as a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and severely ill patients. Candida spp. are among the most common fungal pathogens. Candida albicans was the predominant cause of candidiasis. However, a shift toward non-albicans Candida species has been recently observed. These non-albicans Candida species demonstrate reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of non-albicans Candida spp. among Candida isolates from various clinical specimens and analysed their virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile. A total of 523 Candida spp. were isolated from various clinical specimens. Non-albicans Candida species were the predominant pathogens isolated. Non-albicans Candida species also demonstrated the production of virulence factors once attributed to Candida albicans. Non-albicans Candida demonstrated high resistance to azole group of antifungal agents. Therefore, it can be concluded that non-albicans Candida species have emerged as an important cause of infections. Their isolation from clinical specimen can no longer be ignored as a nonpathogenic isolate nor can it be dismissed as a contaminant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can activate complement and opsonize surface of red blood cells [27]. They lead to destruction of host erythrocytes and facilitate hyphal invasion in systemic candidiasis [4, 9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Deorukhkar

Saini

Mathew

2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

208

162

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“…C. glabrata also exhibits an unusual capacity to multiply within phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, actually using macrophages as “Trojan‐Horses” to infiltrate the host (Brunke & Hube, ). Hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, and hemolysins are further considered virulence factors in Candida glabrata (Pakshir et al, ). This pathogenic yeast has also the ability to form biofilm in human epithelia and medical devices (Cuéllar‐Cruz et al, ; Donlan & Costerton, ), which enables growth in an environment intrinsically resistant to drugs and host defence factors (Bonhomme & D'Enfert, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multidrug resistance transporters CgTpo1_1 and CgTpo1_2 play a role in virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogenCandida glabrata

Santos

Costa

Mil‐Homens

et al. 2017

Cellular Microbiology

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The mechanisms of persistence and virulence associated with Candida glabrata infections are poorly understood, limiting the ability to fight this fungal pathogen. In this study, the multidrug resistance transporters CgTpo1_1 and CgTpo1_2 are shown to play a role in C. glabrata virulence. The survival of the infection model Galleria mellonella, infected with C. glabrata, was found to increase upon the deletion of either CgTPO1_1 or CgTPO1_2. The underlying mechanisms were further explored. In the case of CgTpo1_1, this phenotype was found to be consistent with the observation that it confers resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMP), such as the human AMP histatin-5. The deletion of CgTPO1_2, on the other hand, was found to limit the survival of C. glabrata cells when exposed to phagocytosis and impair biofilm formation. Interestingly, CgTPO1_2 expression was found to be up-regulated during biofilm formation, but and its deletion leads to a decreased expression of adhesin-encoding genes during biofilm formation, which is consistent with a role in biofilm formation. CgTPO1_2 expression was further seen to decrease plasma membrane potential and affect ergosterol and fatty acid content. Altogether, CgTpo1_1 and CgTpo1_2 appear to play an important role in the virulence of C. glabrata infections, being at the cross-road between multidrug resistance and pathogenesis.

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“…Moreover, virulence factors, such as phospholipase, esterase, proteinase and haemolysin have been well documented among vaginal and urine isolates of Candida (13-15, 30). Furthermore, host tissue colonization and tissue invasion have been associated with extracellular enzymes production by isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency, Antifungal Susceptibility and Enzymatic Profiles of Candida Species Isolated from Neutropenic Patients

Gharaghani

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Mahmoudabadi

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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BackgroundNeutropenia, as a predisposing factor for invasive candidiasis, is defined as a reduction in neutrophil count to less than 1500/mm3. It is a common condition in patients with hematological malignancy and cytostatic chemotherapy. Extensive chemotherapy and prophylaxis with antifungals have increased the resistance of Candida isolates to antifungal drugs. Although, Candida albicans is the most common causative agent among neutropenic patients, there is an increasing rate of non-albicans species. Extracellular enzymes activity pattern and antifungal agent sensitivity profiles are two important factors for spreading resistant strains.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify the Candida strains isolated from hospitalized neutropenic patients. The patterns of antifungal susceptibility of the causative agents to antifungals and the extracellular enzymes activity of the isolates were also evaluated.Patients and MethodsIn the present study, 243 urine and 243 oral swab samples were collected from neutropenic patients and inoculated on CHROMagar Candida. In addition, 100 blood samples were also inoculated in biphasic Brain Heart Infusion medium. Several yeast isolates were isolated from samples and identified by classical and molecular techniques. The profiles of extracellular enzymes and the susceptibility of recovered agents to amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 110 yeast strains isolated from urine and oral cavities were identified as C. albicans (51.8%), C. krusei (25.5%), C. glabrata (6.4%) and other yeasts (16.3%). No yeast species was isolated from blood samples. Our result showed that in 90% of the isolates, the range of secretion of extracellular enzymes was medium (2+) and high (3+), however only a few isolates were negative for this characteristic. All isolates were sensitive to caspofungin and fluconazole, whereas 54.7% of isolates were resistant to amphotericin B.ConclusionsWe found a marked increase in the incidence of non-albicans species (48.2%) among neutropenic patients. Only a few strains failed to produce extracellular enzymes. Finally, in addition to fluconazole, caspofungin can be considered as the first line treatment against Candida species among neutropenic patients.

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Phospholipase, esterase and hemolytic activities of Candida spp. isolated from onychomycosis and oral lichen planus lesions

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

The multidrug resistance transporters CgTpo1_1 and CgTpo1_2 play a role in virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogenCandida glabrata

The Frequency, Antifungal Susceptibility and Enzymatic Profiles of Candida Species Isolated from Neutropenic Patients

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