Phosphor thermometry for nuclear decommissioning and waste storage

Sposito, Alberto; Heaps, Edward; Sutton, Gavin; Machin, G.; Bernard, R.; Clarke, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111091

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This semi-invasive method offers reliable, precise, fast, and single-point or 2D thermal imaging in a wide temperature range, which can range from cryogenic temperatures to approximately 1700 °C [ 6 ]. It can be applied to macroscopic and microscopic systems, large surfaces, in vivo [ 7 , 8 ], fiber-optic probes [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], corrosive, radioactive environments [ 12 ], or high electromagnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting High-Energy Emissions of YAlO3:Dy3+ for Sensitivity Improvement of Ratiometric Luminescence Thermometry

Periša

Ćirić

Zeković

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The sensitivity of luminescence thermometry is enhanced at high temperatures when using a three-level luminescence intensity ratio approach with Dy3+- activated yttrium aluminum perovskite. This material was synthesized via the Pechini method, and the structure was verified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The average crystallite size was calculated to be around 46 nm. The morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy, which showed agglomerates composed of densely packed, elongated spherical particles, the majority of which were 80–100 nm in size. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence emission spectra (ex = 353 nm, 300–850 K) included Dy3+ emissions in blue (458 nm), blue (483 nm), and violet (430 nm, T 600 K). Luminescence intensity ratio, the most utilized temperature readout method in luminescent thermometry, was used as the testing method: a) using the intensity ratio of Dy3+ ions and 4I15/2→6H15/2/4F9/2→6H15/2 transitions; and b) employing the third, higher energy 4G11/2 thermalized level, i.e., using the intensity ratio of 4G11/2→6H15/2/4F9/2→6H15/2 transitions, thereby showing the relative sensitivities of 0.41% K−1 and 0.86% K−1 at 600 K, respectively. This more than doubles the increase in sensitivity and therefore demonstrates the method’s usability at high temperatures, although the major limitation of the method is the chemical stability of the host material and the temperature at which the temperature quenching commences. Lastly, it must be noted that at 850 K, the emission intensities from the energetically higher levels were still increasing in YAP: Dy3+.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting High-Energy Emissions of YAlO3:Dy3+ for Sensitivity Improvement of Ratiometric Luminescence Thermometry

Periša

Ćirić

Zeković

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…These techniques have found a foothold in civil infrastructure and industrial applications [83,86,109,163]. For example, fiber-coupled phosphor thermometry is being used in monitoring nuclear storage infrastructure [164,165] while FBGs have been utilized in civil infrastructure such as bridges and powerplants [83,86]. Despite their commercial appeal, the metrological performance of devices such as FBG thermometers is only now being rigorously assessed.…”

Section: Future Of the Defined-scale Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging technologies in the field of thermometry

Dedyulin

Ahmed²,

Machin³

2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The past decade saw the emergence of new temperature sensors that have the potential to disrupt a century-old measurement infrastructure based on resistance thermometry. In this review we present an overview of emerging technologies that are either in the earliest stages of metrological assessment or in the earliest stages of commercial development and thus merit further consideration by the measurement community. The following emerging technologies are reviewed: Johnson noise thermometry, optical refractive-index gas thermometry, Doppler line broadening thermometry, optomechanical thermometry, ﬁber-coupled phosphor thermometry, ﬁber-optic thermometry based on Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman scattering, ﬁber-Bragg-grating thermometry, Bragg-waveguide-grating thermometry, ring-resonator thermometry, and photonic-crystal-cavity thermometry. For each emerging technology, we explain the working principle, highlight the best known performance, list advantages and drawbacks of the new temperature sensor and present possibilities for future developments.

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“…Often powders are seeded into liquid and used to combine temperature and velocity maps [18], but they can also be mixed with a binder and applied to an object to measure surface temperature. Previous work has shown that there are MFG-binder combinations that are suitable for use in nuclear decommissioning and waste storage conditions [3] and that this phosphor coating can be used as an emissivity-free alternative to thermal imaging [2]. Phosphors have competing decay mechanisms-radiative by an electron change of energy level (photon) or thermal by lattice vibration (phonon).…”

Section: Phosphor Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are, in a sense, a semi-non-contact method. One phosphor coating, manganese activated magnesium fluorogermanate (Mg4GeO5, 5F:Mn-henceforth MFG) mixed with a silicone-based binder, has been shown to be unchanged by high exposure to ionising radiation [3]. However, there are times when significant standoff distances may be required or direct line-of-sight may not be possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

et al. 2022

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Temperature measurement of stored nuclear waste is important for long-term monitoring. Conventional sensors can degrade in ionizing radiation from induced transmutations and their frequent replacement is inconvenient. A thermometer based on suitable phosphors can overcome some problems, but the optical signal needs to be transmitted through an optical fibre and processed remotely away from the dangerous area. This requires that the optical fibre itself be suitably resistant to radiation-induced damage. Here, we report transmission measurements through a type of hollow-core fibre based on anti-resonance and with transmission windows at wavelengths suitable for use with the thermographic phosphor magnesium fluorogermanate whilst subjected to gamma radiation. Its performance is compared to commercially available standard fibres (single mode and radiation hard fibres) at dose rates equivalent to decades of use in a storage facility. Transmission was unchanged for the anti-resonant fibre at the phosphor emission wavelength and it was successfully incorporated into a fibre thermometer that worked from $${20}\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 20 ∘ C to $$200\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 200 ∘ C . Performance at the phosphor excitation wavelength needs to be improved by modification to the hollow-core fibre design, but we show that a hybrid of single mode and anti-resonant fibres can already be made into a thermometer with suitable gamma immunity.

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Phosphor thermometry for nuclear decommissioning and waste storage

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Exploiting High-Energy Emissions of YAlO3:Dy3+ for Sensitivity Improvement of Ratiometric Luminescence Thermometry

Exploiting High-Energy Emissions of YAlO3:Dy3+ for Sensitivity Improvement of Ratiometric Luminescence Thermometry

Emerging technologies in the field of thermometry

Toward Gamma Ray Immune Fibre-Optic Phosphor Thermometry for Nuclear Decommissioning

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