Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Crop Plant Phenolic Acids

Howell, Bob A.; Ostrander, Eric A.; Oberdorfer, Kendahl L.

doi:10.1021/bk-2020-1372.ch011

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…To reduce dependence on petroleum resources and to reduce toxicity, new biobased flame retardants are being rapidly developed [18]. Some biobased materials have received much attention for the preparation of epoxy resin flame retardants, such as vanillin [19], isosorbide [20], tartaric acid [21], chitosan [22], furans [23], crop-based phenolics [24], glycerol/adipic acid hyperbranched poly (ester)s, [25] etc. All of the above biobased raw materials have great potential for application in the development of biobased phosphorus flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

2022

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A novel bio-based flame retardant designated AVD has been synthesized in a one-pot process via the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), vanillin (VN), and 2- aminobenzothiazole (ABT). The structure of AVD was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The curing process, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin (EP) modified with AVD have been investigated comprehensively. The extent of curing, the glass transition temperature and the crosslinking density of the blend decreased gradually with increasing AVD content. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to demonstrate that the presence of AVD reduced the thermal decomposition rate for EP and enhanced the formation of carbon residue during resin decomposition. A blend of 7.5 wt% AVD (0.52% phosphorus) displays a UL-94V-0 rating and a LOI of 31.1%. Reduction of the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke production was 41.26%, 35.70%, and 24.03%, respectively, as compared to the values for pure EP. The improved flame retardancy of the flame retardant epoxy (FREP) may be attributed to the formation of a compact and continuous protective char layer into the condensed phase as well as the release of non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals from the decomposition of AVD in the gas phase. AVD is a new and efficient biobased flame retardant for epoxy with great prospects for industrial applications.

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