Phosphorus Forms in Manure and Compost and Their Release during Simulated Rainfall

Sharpley, Andrew N.; Moyer, B. G.

doi:10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060056x

Cited by 232 publications

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“…The increase in soil labile P concentrations can be justified by the high P w and P res concentrations in the FYM samples (P w =1.0 and P res =1.2 g kg -1 MS) that represent approximately 36 % of the P t contained in this material (Table 1). It is worth remembering that as the P extraction from the FYM was not sequential, unlike the soil samples, practically all resin extractable P was the water-soluble P. The mean Pw values found by Sharpley & Moyer (2000) in FYM were within the 15-47 % range of P t , while Cassol et al (2001) reached an extraction of 65 % of P t with resin and Ajiboye et al (2004) 40 % of P t with water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Soil phosphorus fractions in sandy soils amended with cattle manure for long periods

Galvão

Salcedo

2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Phosphorus fractions were determined in soil samples from areas fertilized or not with farmyard cattle manure (FYM) and in samples of FYM used in the semi-arid region of Paraiba state, Brazil. Soil samples were taken from the 0-20; 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers of 18 cultivated areas, which, according to interviews with farmers, had been treated with 12 to 20 t ha-1 FYM annually, for the past 2 to 40 years. Soil samples were also collected from four unfertilized pasture areas as controls. Phosphorus in the soil samples was sequentially extracted with water (Pw), resin (Pres), NaHCO3 (Pi bic and Po bic), NaOH (Pi hid and Po hid), H2SO4 (Pacid) and, finally, by digestion with H2SO4/H2O2 (Presd). Nine FYM samples were extracted with water, resin, Mehlich-1, H2SO4, NaOH or digestion with H2SO4/H2O2, not sequentially, and the extracts analyzed for P. The sampled areas had homogeneous, sandy and P-deficient soils; increases in total soil P (Pt) above the mean value of the control areas (up to 274 mg kg-1 in the 0-20 cm layer of the most P-enriched samples) were therefore attributed to FYM applications, which was the only external P input in the region. Regression analysis was used to study the relationship between soil P fractions and Pt. The Pacid fraction, related to Ca-P forms, showed the greatest increases (p < 0.01) as a result of FYM applications, rising from 8.4 mg kg-1 in a non-fertilized sample to 43.8 mg kg-1 in the sample with the highest Pt content. The sum of Pw, Pres and Pi bic, considered as labile P, showed comparable increases with Pacid, while Pi hid showed the smallest increase due to FYM applications. Organic P forms also increased, more so the fraction Po hid, considered less labile, than the more labile one, Po bic. The residual P fraction was practically half of Pt, independently of the Pt value. Increases in labile P, Pacid and organic P were justified by the high average concentration of Pw (36 %), Pacid (34 %), and Po hid (30 %) in the FYM. Significant changes in the proportion of P forms among soil layers indicated the downward movement of P in organic forms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Most P in manures is in inorganic forms (Sharpley & Moyer, 2000;Cassol et al, 2001;Eghball, 2002). Dou et al (2000) found that approximately 70 % of the P in cattle manure was water-extractable, but this type of information is not available for the FYM used in the semi-arid region of Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil phosphorus fractions in sandy soils amended with cattle manure for long periods

Galvão

Salcedo

2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…The results found here show that a substantial proportion (39 %) of P present in the poultry litters is in organic forms, which is higher than the 21% Po reported by Peperzak et al (1959) and 25 % reported by Cassol et al (2001) in Southern Brazil, based on Hedley's fractionation scheme (Hedley et al, 1982). Using a similar fractionation procedure, Sharpley & Moyer (2000) however reported the contribution of a Po fraction of 9 % of total P in a litter consisting of pine bark (three lots raised, 1.31 birds m -2 ). In the last decade, several methods have been used to characterize the different P forms in soils and animal manures (Hedley et al, 1982;Bowman, 1989;Dou et al, 2000;Sharpley & Moyer, 2000).These differences might be due to the distinct methods used in the assessment of P fractions (Koopmans et al, 2003), as well as the bird's diet, origin and management of the litters (Maguire et al, 2006).…”

Section: Soil-litter Incubation Study: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Organic P compounds were extracted with a NaOH-EDTA mixture to minimize the hydrolysis of more labile Po compounds (Turner et al, 2003). In adddition, water was also used to extract P from poultry litter because water-soluble P (WSP) is readily released from the litter and represents a more immediate environmental concern (Sharpley & Moyer, 2000;Vadas et al, 2004). Samples were prepared by treating 5 g of litter with 100 mL of water or NaOH-EDTA mixture and shaken for 16 h at 4 o C to minimize any potential breakdown of Po compounds.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Phosphorus Transformation In Poultry Litters Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a similar fractionation procedure, Sharpley & Moyer (2000) however reported the contribution of a Po fraction of 9 % of total P in a litter consisting of pine bark (three lots raised, 1.31 birds m -2 ). In the last decade, several methods have been used to characterize the different P forms in soils and animal manures (Hedley et al, 1982;Bowman, 1989;Dou et al, 2000;Sharpley & Moyer, 2000).These differences might be due to the distinct methods used in the assessment of P fractions (Koopmans et al, 2003), as well as the bird's diet, origin and management of the litters (Maguire et al, 2006).…”

Section: Soil-litter Incubation Study: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus transformation in poultry litter and litter-treated Oxisol of Brazil assessed by 31P-NMR and wet chemical fractionation

Souza¹,

Ghosh

Silva³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYLarge quantities of poultry litter are being produced in Brazil, which contain appreciable amounts of phosphorus (P) that could be of environmental concern. To assess the immediate environmental threat, five poultry litters composed of diverse bedding material were incubated for 43 days under greenhouse conditions. The litters consisted of: coffee bean husk (CH); wood chips (WC); rice husk (RH); ground corn cobs (CC) and ground napier grass (NG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), in which the change in forms of soluble P was evaluated using 31 P NMR spectroscopy. On average, 80.2 and 19.8 % of the total P in the extract, respectively, accounted for the inorganic and organic forms before incubation and 48 % of the organic P was mineralized to inorganic P in 43 days of incubation. Wide variation in the organic P mineralization rate (from 82 % -WC to 4 % -NG) was observed among litters. Inorganic orthophosphate (99.9 %) and pyrophosphate (0.1 %) were the only inorganic P forms, whereas the organic P forms orthophosphate monoesters (76.3 %) and diester (23.7 %) were detected. Diester P compounds were mineralized almost completely in all litters, except in the CH litter, within the incubation period. Pyrophosphates contributed with less than 0.5% and remained unaltered during the incubation period. Wood-chip litter had a higher organic P (40 %) content and a higher diester: monoester ratio; it was therefore mineralized rapidly, within the first 15 days, achieving steady state by the 29 th day. Distinct mineralization patterns were observed in the litter when incubated with a clayey Oxisol. The substantial decrease observed in the organic P fraction (Po) of

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Fate and transport of phosphorus‐containing land‐applied swine slurry in a karst watershed

Sharpley

Daniels

Brye

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Phosphorus distribution in pasture soils underlain with karst geology was determined on a 0.10-ha grid in 2014, 2016, and 2018. Two fields (Fields 1 and 12) received swine slurry from a concentrated animal feeding operation, whereas another (Field 5) received mineral fertilizer. All fields were grazed by cattle and periodically hayed. Mean Mehlich-3 extractable P in the top 10 cm increased (p ≤ .05 level) for Fields 1 (59-91 mg kg −1) and 12 (63-122 mg kg −1) between 2014 and 2018, with little change for Field 5 (45-47 mg kg −1). Over the 5-yr monitoring period, P and N runoff averaged a respective 1.0 and 2.4 kg ha −1 yr −1 from Fields 1 and 12 or 1.4 and 2.5% of P and N applied in swine slurry. Field 5 P and N runoff averaged a respective 1.9 and 2.8 kg ha −1 yr −1 or 6.6 and 4.4% of that applied as mineral fertilizer. Findings confirmed that long-term application of P, as fertilizer or manure, in excess of pasture uptake, result in a rapid accumulation of P near the soil surface, and thus, increase nutrient loss via surface runoff. Mehlich-3 P increased in the top 10 cm of soil (143-255 mg kg −1) in edge-of-field buffer zones of 30 m on Fields 1 and 12, where no manure was applied. This illustrates the complexity of cattle grazing areas as additional nutrient sources that must be managed to minimize off-site nutrient transport that are particularly important in karst watersheds. 1 INTRODUCTION An increase in the concentration of P at the surface of pasture soils that receive P as mineral fertilizer or manure in amounts exceeding plant uptake has been widely Abbreviations: AFO, animal feeding operation; CAFO, concentrated animal feeding operation; CNMP, comprehensive nutrient management plan; ICAP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emissions spectrometer; M3P, Mehlich-3 extractable soil phosphorus; NMP, nutrient management plan. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Phosphorus Forms in Manure and Compost and Their Release during Simulated Rainfall

Cited by 232 publications

References 0 publications

Soil phosphorus fractions in sandy soils amended with cattle manure for long periods

Soil phosphorus fractions in sandy soils amended with cattle manure for long periods

Phosphorus transformation in poultry litter and litter-treated Oxisol of Brazil assessed by 31P-NMR and wet chemical fractionation

Fate and transport of phosphorus‐containing land‐applied swine slurry in a karst watershed

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