Phosphorus Gasification during the Reduction of basic Oxygen Furnace Slags in a Novel Reactor Concept

Ponak, Christoph; Mally, Valentin; Windisch, Stefan; Holzer, Alexandra; Raupenstrauch, Harald

doi:10.5185/amlett.2020.071535

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…6: Bilder der gesammelten Proben aus dem InduMelt-Versuch mit NMC111 bei Zugabe von 10 m.-% Kohlenstoffpulver. a Schlackenphase, b Metalllegierung [16] Lithium in der Schlacke-und Metallphase (Abb. 6a,b) angereichert haben bzw.…”

Section: Aktuelle Und Zukünftige Recyclingmöglichkeitenunclassified

Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien: Herausforderungen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse

Windisch-Kern

Holzer

Ponak

et al. 2021

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von wertvollen und teilweise kritischen Rohstoffen wie Kobalt, Nickel, Mangan und Lithium in Kathodenmaterialien sowie die prognostizierten Marktentwicklungen machen das Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien zu einem abfallwirtschaftlich relevanten Thema. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung und Vielfalt dieser Kathodenmaterialien und leitet daraus Anforderungen an zukünftige Aufbereitungs- bzw. Recyclingverfahren ab. Die schnelle Weiterentwicklung der Zellchemismen hin zu nickelreichen Kathodenmaterialien stellt bestehende Verfahren vor wirtschaftliche Probleme und unterstreicht zusätzlich die Notwendigkeit eines flexiblen Prozesses, welcher mit einer variierenden chemischen Zusammensetzung des Abfallstromes zurechtkommen muss. Zusätzlich wird ein umfassender Einblick in die diesbezüglichen Forschungsbestrebungen des Lehrstuhls für Thermoprozesstechnik gegeben. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse des eingesetzten Verfahrenskonzepts attestieren dem Ansatz ein großes Potenzial. Beispielsweise gelang es, die als Bottleneck der Pyrometallurgie eingestufte Verschlackung von Lithium, großteils zu unterbinden und über 90 % des Elements aus dem experimentellen Reaktor zu entfernen.

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Section: Aktuelle Und Zukünftige Recyclingmöglichkeitenunclassified

Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien: Herausforderungen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse

Windisch-Kern

Holzer

Ponak

et al. 2021

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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“…At these temperatures, carbon dioxide reacts irreversibly with P4, and so the thermal process instead only partially oxidizes coke to carbon monoxide, which is subsequently burned off to generate additional heat. This represents a utilization of just two of the potential four reducing electron equivalents per carbon atom (4)(5)(6). Furthermore, in order to maintain charge and atom balance as the anionic and oxidic phosphate is converted to elemental phosphorus, silicon dioxide performs an essential role as an oxide acceptor, abstracting oxide equivalents from the phosphate reactant and precipitating as CaSiO3.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Electrosynthesis of White Phosphorus from Molten Condensed Phosphate Salts

Melville

Licini

Surendranath

2021

Preprint

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Elemental white phosphorus (P4) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemicals industry, spanning everything from herbicides to food additives. Currently, industrial P4 production is gated by the infrastructurally demanding reduction of phosphate rock by carbon coke in an arc furnace at temperatures of up to 1500 °C. The electrochemical reduction of phosphate salts could enable the sustainable, point-of-use manufacture of white phosphorus; however, such P4 electrosynthesis requires the rapid activation of strong P—O bonds. Herein, we show that the intrinsic oxide-accepting character of phosphoryl anhydride linkages in molten condensed phosphate salts promotes the reduction of phosphate to white phosphorus at high electron and energy efficiencies. These findings could enable an efficient, low-carbon alternative to legacy carbothermal synthesis of P4.

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“…Therefore, undesirable reactions such as iron phosphide formation or lithium slagging are suppressed, and phosphorus and lithium gasification are enabled instead. Therefore, it can be recovered more easily and cost-effectively [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Pyrometallurgical Process to Efficiently Recover Valuable Metals from Commercially Used Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials LCO, NCA, NMC622, and LFP

Holzer

Wiszniewski

Windisch-Kern

et al. 2022

Metals

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With an ever-growing demand for critical raw materials for the production of lithium-ion batteries and a price increase of respective commodities, an ever louder call from the industry for efficient recycling technologies can be noticed. So far, state-of-the-art industry-scaled pyrometallurgical recycling technologies all suffer from the same bottleneck of lithium slagging. At the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at Montanuniversitaet Leoben, a novel reactor was developed to recover lithium and phosphorus via the gas phase in a pyrometallurgical process. Critical elements such as Li, Ni, Co, and Mn of the commercially used cathode materials LCO (LiCoO2), LFP (LiFePO4), NCA (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2), and NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2) were analyzed in a batch version of the so-called InduRed reactor concept. The analyses underline that the reactor concept is highly suitable for an efficient recovery for the metals Ni and Co and that slagging of Li can not only be largely prohibited, but the elements lithium and phosphorous can even be recovered from the gas phase. Plant engineering issues were also considered for further development toward a continuous process. The MgO crucible used shows significant diffusion of various elements from the battery material, which is why the choice of crucible material still requires in-depth research.

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Phosphorus Gasification during the Reduction of basic Oxygen Furnace Slags in a Novel Reactor Concept

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien: Herausforderungen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse

Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien: Herausforderungen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse

Efficient Electrosynthesis of White Phosphorus from Molten Condensed Phosphate Salts

Optimization of a Pyrometallurgical Process to Efficiently Recover Valuable Metals from Commercially Used Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials LCO, NCA, NMC622, and LFP

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