Phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge from three municipal wastewater treatment plants in Sweden and their ashes after incineration

Nilsson, Carl-Axel; Sjöberg, Viktor; Grandin, Anna; Karlsson, Stefan; Allard, Bert; Kronhelm, Thomas von

doi:10.1177/0734242x211065231

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Humans lack the ability to digest phytic acid, and a smaller fraction of the phosphorus content is therefore present in this form . However, most of the phosphorus is present as inorganic phosphorus, often aluminum- and/or iron-phosphates because iron- and aluminum-based additives are used as coagulation or precipitation agents in wastewater treatment processes. , Using chemical fractionation methods (the SMT protocol), it was shown that sewage sludge normally contain more than 70% inorganic phosphorus, out of which 60–95% was reported to be present as nonapatite phosphorus. ,− This includes, for example, Al- and Fe-phosphates. Solution state 31 P NMR analysis has shown similar results, and the phosphorus extracted for analysis was confirmed to be mainly orthophosphate. ,, However, some chemical fractionation studies (using the Hedley protocol) showed that more than 50% of the phosphorus is found in the acid-leachable (HCl) fraction, indicating phosphorus is associated as apatite in these sewage sludge samples. − …”

Section: Phosphorus In Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition of organic phosphorus species in biomass has been studied primarily using solution state 31 P NMR − ,,,,,, and chemical fractionation following the SMT protocol. ,− ,− …”

Section: Transformation Of Phosphorus In Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SMT protocol is a chemical fractionation method (introduced in section ) that divides the phosphorus into inorganic and organic phosphorus. A compilation of results ,− ,− based on chemical fractionation using the SMT protocol of thermally treated sewage sludge, is shown in Figure . The fraction of phosphorus present as inorganic phosphates (according to the SMT protocol) appear to increase (meaning that organic phosphorus is decreasing) when the biomass is exposed to rather low temperatures, which is qualitatively in line with the results based on 31 P NMR shown in Figure .…”

Section: Transformation Of Phosphorus In Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fraction of phosphorus associated as inorganic phosphorus (left) and fraction of the inorganic phosphorus associated as NaOH-extractable phosphorus, often denoted nonapatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP), (right) obtained when using the SMT protocol to analyze thermally converted sewage sludge samples, obtained from the literature. ,− ,− The two fractions were calculated using IP/(IP + OP) and NAIP/(NAIP + AP), where IP, OP, NAIP, and AP represents inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, nonapatite inorganic phosphorus, and apatite phosphorus (HCl-extractable phosphorus), respectively. For the work of Luyckx and Van Caneghem, the NAIP and AP were assumed to correspond to what was presented as “amorphous Al/Fe–P” and “Crystalline Ca–P” plus “Amorphous unknown P”, respectively.…”

Section: Transformation Of Phosphorus In Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

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