Phosphorus transformation in poultry litter and litter-treated Oxisol of Brazil assessed by 31P-NMR and wet chemical fractionation

Abstract

SUMMARYLarge quantities of poultry litter are being produced in Brazil, which contain appreciable amounts of phosphorus (P) that could be of environmental concern. To assess the immediate environmental threat, five poultry litters composed of diverse bedding material were incubated for 43 days under greenhouse conditions. The litters consisted of: coffee bean husk (CH); wood chips (WC); rice husk (RH); ground corn cobs (CC) and ground napier grass (NG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), in which the change in forms of soluble P was evaluated using 31 P NMR spectroscopy. On average, 80.2 and 19.8 % of the total P in the extract, respectively, accounted for the inorganic and organic forms before incubation and 48 % of the organic P was mineralized to inorganic P in 43 days of incubation. Wide variation in the organic P mineralization rate (from 82 % -WC to 4 % -NG) was observed among litters. Inorganic orthophosphate (99.9 %) and pyrophosphate (0.1 %) were the only inorganic P forms, whereas the organic P forms orthophosphate monoesters (76.3 %) and diester (23.7 %) were detected. Diester P compounds were mineralized almost completely in all litters, except in the CH litter, within the incubation period. Pyrophosphates contributed with less than 0.5% and remained unaltered during the incubation period. Wood-chip litter had a higher organic P (40 %) content and a higher diester: monoester ratio; it was therefore mineralized rapidly, within the first 15 days, achieving steady state by the 29 th day. Distinct mineralization patterns were observed in the litter when incubated with a clayey Oxisol. The substantial decrease observed in the organic P fraction (Po) of

Decomposição e liberação de N, P e K de esterco bovino e de cama de frango isolados ou misturados

“…A liberação mais rápida de P pelo EB em relação à CF deve-se ao maior teor de P, aos menores valores da relação C/P e possivelmente ao predomínio de fosfatos solúveis em água e fracamente ligados à matriz sólida do EB (Cassol et al, 2001;Galvão & Salcedo, 2009), em comparação à prevalência de frações de P orgânico (fosfatos monoésteres) de menor labilidade na CF (Pitta et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2012). A liberação mais lenta de P no EM pode ter sido propiciada pela imobilização de P na biomassa microbiana por causa do aumento do número de microrganismos totais na mistura (Moreira & Siqueira, 2006;Tiago et al, 2008).…”

Resíduo orgânico e níveis de sombreamento nos atributos químicos de substratos e na produção de mudas de Alibertia edulis

“…A cama de frango foi semidecomposta, proveniente de aviário após cinco lotes para produção de frango de corte de Dourados, apresentando os seguintes atributos químicos pH = 7,50; N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C e matéria orgânica (g kg -1 ) = 23,90; 15,36; 20,00; 19,15; 6,95;18,65; 260; 447,00, O teor de fósforo foi influenciado pela cama de frango, independente da disponibilidade luminosa, apresentando maior teor (5,25 mg dm -3 ) com adição de 8,32 g kg -1 de cama de frango (Figura 4). Esse resultado possivelmente deve-se ao fato de que a cama de frango contém Pi solúvel e sua adição ao solo por meio da incorporação contribui na reciclagem de nutrientes durante a mineralização (SOUZA et al, 2012;IRSHAD et al, 2013). Além disso, a adição de resíduo orgânico ao solo aumenta a atividade microbiológica (MALIK et al, 2013), o que acelera a ciclagem biogeoquímica, melhorando os atributos químicos do solo.…”

The effect of different ceramic materials to improve hardness of organomineral fertilizer granules

“…The assays were performed in quadruplicates and conducted at room temperature (20 ± 2°C) under constant stirring at 50 rpm. Aliquots (1 mL) were withdrawn for analysis at defined intervals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes) to samples with 3% of the different additives and for samples containing different concentrations of magnesium oxide at defined intervals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,16,21,26, and 31 min). The difference in volume was corrected in the calculations.…”

“…However, in 2001 the Brazilian authorities banned its use as animal feed, and since then, this residue has been used as organic fertilizer, due to its composition rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, among other nutrients necessary for plants. 4 A long time ago the chicken litter was used like a source of cheap protein, but due to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), better known as "Mad Cow Disease" their use was banned. 5 A sustainable alternative that has been developed and commercialized for the use of chicken litter is the production of granulate organomineral fertilizers.…”