Phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer grafted guayule natural rubber: an advantageous green natural rubber

Dhanania, Sawar; Mahata, Denial; Prabhavale, Onkar; Cornish, Katrina; Nando, G. B.; Chattopadhyay, Santanu

doi:10.1007/s13726-018-0611-z

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The width, w 1/2 , measured at a height equal to half of the peak height of DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN and H‐DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN samples is broader than the virgin DPNR. This result implies that the number of polymers having shorter chains has been increased after chemical modification 38,39 . The Gaussian curves of DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN and H‐DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN samples were still symmetrical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Improvement of thermal properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber via graft copolymerization with styrene/acrylonitrile and diimide transfer hydrogenation

Duy

Rimdusit

Quang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, we investigated the improvement of thermal properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) via graft copolymerization of styrene/acrylonitrile and transfer hydrogenation. The graft copolymerization was achieved successfully in the latex stage using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and tetraethylenepentamine as radical initiators at 30°C. The obtained graft copolymer was hydrogenated by a diimide reduction system in the presence of different copper (II) homogeneous catalysts. The effects of styrene to acrylonitrile on the total conversion and the grafting efficiency have been studied. The structural characterization of the obtained copolymers was made by 1H NMR and ATR‐FTIR. The graft DPNR was then characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of different copper (II) catalysts on the system have been evaluated by the hydrogenation degree of each hydrogenated sample. The improvement of the thermal properties of the graft copolymers was confirmed by thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis. The core‐shell arrangement was obtained in both DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN and hydrogenated‐DPNR‐graft‐PS/PAN by transmission electron microscopy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Improvement of thermal properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber via graft copolymerization with styrene/acrylonitrile and diimide transfer hydrogenation

Duy

Rimdusit

Quang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The brown viscous resinous product is obtained after drying under room temperature. The oligomeric product has been characterized by 1 H‐NMR analysis and 9% degree of unsaturation is obtained (Figure ) . Moreover, it shows a multiplet signals at 6.72–7.19 ppm, corresponding to the aromatic protons because of the presence of the phenolic moiety with oligomeric structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer‐grafted carboxylated styrene–butadiene rubber for better processing with enhancing silica filler dispersion

Prabhavale

Mahata

Nando

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cardanol is a byproduct of cashew industry of semiforest origin. It is cheap and available in humongous amount and acts as a multifunctional additive in rubber compounds. It can be oligomerized with orthophosphoric acid to make phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer (PCP). Hence, cardanol has been chemically grafted on to the backbone chain of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR) by employing melt grafting technique in presence of peroxide initiator to include multifunctional properties. The PCP-grafted XSBR (PCP-g-XSBR) was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H-NMR techniques and optimize the grafting conditions such as percent of grafting and grafting efficiency by using Taguchi methodology. PCP-g-XSBR was compounded with silica filler for a comparative study in terms of processing behavior with XSBR. The cure characteristics such as the cure rate and the optimum cure time of the unfilled PCP-g-XSBR compounds were determined by oscillating disc rheometer. The thermal analysis of PCP-g-XSBR vulcanizate exhibits slightly better thermal stability as well as plasticization effect. Morphological behaviors also display the less cracked and filled fracture surfaces with better filler dispersion in PCP-g-XSBR vulcanizate. The mechanical properties of the compounded PCP-g-XSBR vulcanizates also improve compare to XSBR vulcanizates.

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“…The cardanol grafted natural rubber (CGNR) has higher molecular weight and lower Mooney viscosity compared to unmodified natural rubber. Prabhavale and coworkers 20 utilized orthophosphoric acid to prepare phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer (PCP). Then melt grafting technique was used to chemically graft PCP onto the backbone of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly‐cardanol as plasticizer and compatibilizer on styrene butadiene rubber with improved processability and silica dispersion

Qian

Gao²,

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural products used as plasticizer can inhibit its migration in rubber and improve the dispersion of inorganic power. Herein, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was plasticized by poly‐cardanol (PCA) originated from the Friedel–Crafts alkylation without solvent of cardanol which was extracted from abandoned cashew nut shell. Results show that the Mooney viscosity of SBR/PCA compounds decreases from 45.8 to 34.7 and Tg from −52°C to −56.3°C when PCA is added from 0 to 30 phr. Moreover, the elongation at break of SBR contained 30 phr PCA increases by 515% compared with SBR. PCA also shows amphiphilic, which is verified by the improved dispersion of SiO2 in SBR/PCA compounds. The swelling ratio of SBR/PCA/SiO2 vulcanized rubber decreases and the crosslinking density increases. Meanwhile, the elongation at break of SBR70‐40 vulcanized rubber is 17.3%, which is higher than that of SBR100‐40 vulcanized rubber. PCA, acted as plasticizer and compatibilizer, provides a simple and green way for the application of natural products in the rubber industry.

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Phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer grafted guayule natural rubber: an advantageous green natural rubber

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Improvement of thermal properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber via graft copolymerization with styrene/acrylonitrile and diimide transfer hydrogenation

Improvement of thermal properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber via graft copolymerization with styrene/acrylonitrile and diimide transfer hydrogenation

Phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer‐grafted carboxylated styrene–butadiene rubber for better processing with enhancing silica filler dispersion

Poly‐cardanol as plasticizer and compatibilizer on styrene butadiene rubber with improved processability and silica dispersion

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