Photocatalytic activity enhancement of carbon‐doped g‐C₃N₄ by synthesis of nanocomposite with Ag₂O and α‐Fe₂O₃

Abstract

Carbon-doped g-C 3 N 4 (CGNS) nanocomposite with Ag 2 O and α-Fe 2 O 3 has been synthesized to improve g-C 3 N 4 photocatalytic activity. The prepared CGNS/Ag 2 O/α-Fe 2 O 3 (GAF [with mass ratio 3:2:1]) nanocomposite exhibits the expanded visible-light absorption region leading to the enhanced photocatalytic performance for Acid Red 14 (AR14) degradation. Besides, it is found that the recombination rate of the charge carriers effectively suppresses the nanocomposite. For a better understanding of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, the reactions have been performed in the presence of different scavengers. The experiments indicate that superoxide anion radicals possess a more influential role in AR14 degradation in comparison with hydroxyl radicals and holes. The degradation efficiency has been decreased from 94.68 to 85.60 after five consecutive photocatalytic tests implying that the prepared nanocomposite is a stable photocatalyst. In the end, the kinetic study of AR14 degradation on nanocomposite with considering pseudo-first-order kinetics results in a nonlinear empirical kinetic model development for prediction of degradation efficiency of AR14 on nanocomposite.

Preparation of high-crystalline and non-metal modified g-C3N4 for improving ultrasound-accelerated white-LED-light-driven photocatalytic performances

“…Compared with CN, the low peak intensity of PL in SCN or OCN samples denoted that the non-metal atoms were successfully inserted in the g-C 3 N 4 network, which could probably facilitate the charge transport across the photocatalyst interface. In conclusion, the superior suppressed charge carriers' recombination could donate the enhanced photocatalytic performance in the modified samples 18 – 23 , 56 .…”

“…Therefore, this hybrid could have some benefits for photocatalysis, such as improving the photo-dependent capabilities of catalysts via the deaggregation of particles, continuously cleaning the catalyst's surface to avoid the accumulation of pollutants, accelerating the generation of ROS through the sonoluminescence phenomenon, and promoting mass transfer from the solution to the catalyst surface. Ultimately, the DEM followed the sequence: absorption < sonocatalysis < photocatalysis < sonophotocatalysis; and, the samples of OCN and SCN showed the best sonophotocatalytic activities compared with CN 9 , 56 – 58 .…”

“…The vital variable that could determine the rate of catalytic-based reactions is the initial pH, which is affecting on the surface charge of the catalyst, the aggregation rate of particles, the rate of mass transfer rate into the diffusion layer across the catalyst surfaces, the type of catalytic reactions, and the electrochemical interactions between reactants and catalyst. As known, all as-prepared samples have the many –NH x groups and the wide-spread aromatic network that could form the Hydrogen-bonds and π–π interactions between the MB molecules and the catalyst surface, respectively 9 , 56 . Furthermore, the obtained ζ potential of CN, SCN, and OCN were −20.5, −12.6, and −6.71 mV, respectively, which correlates with the electronegativity of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon elements are 3.44, 3.04, 2.58, and 2.55, respectively; implying that the dopant with the higher electronegativity could easily insert into the g-C 3 N 4 network, and increase the positive charge density 61 – 63 .…”

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO, ZnO doped Ag2O nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity

“…C et al, 2019), (Su, Y et al, 2019), hydrothermal method (Loka C. & Lee, K. S. 2022), (Wang et al, 2021)., and precipitation method (Anikina et al, 2022), (Ahamad, T et al,), and thermal breakdown method (Shah, A et al, 2019), (Amiri et al, 2020), (Adeel et al, 2021). One of them is the thermal decomposition approach, which is regarded as a "green method" because it doesn't utilize or create any potentially harmful chemicals or solvents (Amani-Ghadim, A. R et al, 2021). With this method, many samples may be prepared in a single batch.…”