Photochemical activity and structural studies of photosystems derived from chloroplast grana and stroma lamellae

Arntzen, Charles J.; Dilley, Richard A.; Peters, Gerald A.; Shaw, Elwood R.

doi:10.1016/0005-2728(72)90165-x

Cited by 94 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The capacity of membranes to stack is important for both coupling of photosystems (1) and the prevention of chlorophyll against photooxidation (17). Granum-forming regions of chloroplast lamellae have been characterized by the presence of particles on the cleavage faces of freeze-etched replicas (7,14), but the molecular architecture responsible for granum formation has not been elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Circular Dichroism Spectra of Granal and Agranal Chloroplasts of Maize

Faludi-Dániel

Demeter²,

Garay³

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Granum-containing chloroplasts from mesophyil cells of maize (Zea mays L. var. MV 861) leaves exhibited circular dichroism spectra with a large double signal; peaks at 696 nm (+) and 680 nm (-). In the circular dichroism spectra obtained with agranal chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells, this large double signal is absent. Separation of grana lamellae, in a medium of low salt concentration and in KSCN solution, resulted only in a slight decrease of the amplitude, while upon treatment with digitonin the large double signal disappeared. A negative signal of the chlorophyll b peak at 654 nm was observed in the case of both granal and agranal chloroplasts, and it was not affected either by low salt or by digitonin treatment. A positive peak at about 515 nm was higher in granal than in agranal chloroplasts.Typical chloroplast lamellae consist of different regions possessing or lacking the capacity to form grana (10). The capacity of membranes to stack is important for both coupling of photosystems (1) and the prevention of chlorophyll against photooxidation (17). Granum-forming regions of chloroplast lamellae have been characterized by the presence of particles on the cleavage faces of freeze-etched replicas (7,14), but the molecular architecture responsible for granum formation has not been elucidated. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of chloroplast pigments has proved to be a useful approach in studying the molecular architecture of chlorophyll dimers in solution (15) had developed two leaves of 7 to 8 cm. Leaves were harvested in the morning in order to obtain chloroplasts depleted of starch. Granum containing chloroplasts were prepared from the mesophyll, whereas agranal chloroplasts were obtained from the bundle sheath. The isolation procedure was similar to that described by Woo et al. (22). Leaf blades were cut into strips (1 mm X 10 mm). Samples of 1 g were blended in a Virtis-45 Blendor twice for 10 sec at 20,000 rpm in 10 ml of an isotonic medium containing 0.05 M tris-HCI, pH 7.3, 0.3 M D-sorbitol, and 10 mg/l bovine serum albumin (Sigma Chemical Co.). The slurry was filtered through a sieve of about 30 ,um pore size. The filtrate contained broken mesophyll cells; the remainder consisted of the vascular bundles surrounded by the bundle sheath and a number of mesophyll cells. The latter was blended for 10 sec at 20,000 rpm in 10 ml of the isolation medium and filtered. This filtrate, containing a mixture of broken mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, was discarded. The remainder was ground in a mortar in 10 ml of the isolation medium and filtered through the microsieve. Filtrates prepared from mesophyll and bundle sheath cells were pooled at 3000g for 2 min and 20 min, respectively. The pellet from the first blending consisted of mesophyll chloroplasts, and the pellet from the grinding contained bundle sheath chloroplasts. Crosscontamination of the preparations was 3 to 5%, as tested by the electron microscope.Salt Treatments. The pellets were suspended in isolation medium or subjected to low salt or d...

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confidence: 99%

Circular Dichroism Spectra of Granal and Agranal Chloroplasts of Maize

Faludi-Dániel

Demeter²,

Garay³

1973

Plant Physiol.

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“…Thus, in all probability, photosystem 1 preparations from stroma and grana membranes have different pigment compositions. This could be one of the reasons why Arntzen et al (8) observed that the photosystem 1 fraction of stroma lamellae prepared by digitonin treatment was not capable of recombining with the photosystem 2 fraction of grana.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Photosystem 1 particles obtained from stroma or grana membranes were quite similar with regard to electron transport activity, P700 content, ultrastructure appearance, and ultrafiltration characteristics. However, photosystem 1 fragments of stroma did not recombine with the photosystem 2 fraction of grana and reconstitute electron transport activity from diphenylcarbazide --NADP+ as did photosystem 1 fractions of grana (8). Further, the sample of stroma photosystem 1 had higher chlorophyll a/b ratio and higher content of P700 than grana lamellae fractions (8).…”

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confidence: 87%

“…However, photosystem 1 fragments of stroma did not recombine with the photosystem 2 fraction of grana and reconstitute electron transport activity from diphenylcarbazide --NADP+ as did photosystem 1 fractions of grana (8). Further, the sample of stroma photosystem 1 had higher chlorophyll a/b ratio and higher content of P700 than grana lamellae fractions (8). In addition, on the basis of the P700 content of stroma and grana lamellae, Sane et al (2) suggested that the photosystem 1 of stroma has a smaller photosynthetic unit than grana photosystem 1. It is well known that chlorophyll a exists in vivo as several forms with distinct absorption spectra (9) MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Grana and Stroma Lamellae.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Recently, Arntzen et al (8) have further fractionated presstreated particles with digitonin. They were able to fractionate the grana membranes into 60% photosystem 2 and 40% photosystem 1 particles on a chlorophyll basis.…”

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Chlorophyll Composition and Photochemical Activity of Photosystems Detached from Chloroplast Grana and Stroma Lamellae

Gasanov

French

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Light regulation of photosynthetic membrane structure, organization, and function

Melis

1984

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The light environment during plant growth determines the structural and functional properties of higher plant chloroplasts, thus revealing a dynamically regulated developmental system. Pisum sativum plants growing under intermittent illumination showed chloroplasts with fully functional photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction centers that lacked the peripheral chlorophyll (Ch1) a/b and Ch1 a light-harvesting complexes (LHC), respectively. The results suggest a light flux differential threshold regulation in the biosynthesis of the photosystem core and peripheral antenna complexes. Sun-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-depleted illumination showed grana stacks composed of few (3-5) thylakoids connected with long intergrana (stroma) thylakoids. They had a PSII /PSI reaction center ratio in the range 1.3-1.9. Shade-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-enriched illumination showed large grana stacks composed of several thylakoids, often extending across the entire chloroplast body, and short intergrana stroma thylakoids. They had a higher PSII /PSI reaction center ratio, in the range of 2.2-4.0. Thus, the relative extent of grana and stroma thylakoid formation corresponds with the relative amounts of PSII and PSI in the chloroplast, respectively. The structural and functional adaptation of the photosynthetic membrane system in response to the quality of illumination involves mainly a control on the rate of PSII and PSI complex biosynthesis.

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Photochemical activity and structural studies of photosystems derived from chloroplast grana and stroma lamellae

Cited by 94 publications

References 25 publications

Circular Dichroism Spectra of Granal and Agranal Chloroplasts of Maize

Circular Dichroism Spectra of Granal and Agranal Chloroplasts of Maize

Chlorophyll Composition and Photochemical Activity of Photosystems Detached from Chloroplast Grana and Stroma Lamellae

Light regulation of photosynthetic membrane structure, organization, and function

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