Photocurable and elastic polyurethane based on polyether glycol with adjustable hardness for 3D printing customized flatfoot orthosis

Abstract

Orthopedic insoles is the most commonly used nonsurgical treatment method for the flatfoot. Polyurethane (PU) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of orthopedic insoles due to its high wear...

3D Printing of Individual Running Insoles – A Case Study

“…2,3,27,28 The production of a CMI that meets the biomechanical requirements for damping and support is demanding from material and mechanical points of view, knowledge, and skills. 1,[3][4][5]7,15,21,27,28 It follows from the above that a fundamental assumption for the successful designing CMIs is to understand the correlation of the foot to posture 29 and other aspects of the musculoskeletal system, 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] to perceive relationships to associated diseases and cognition of the biomechanics, 1,4,5,12 weight-bearing activities 1,3,[5][6][7]9 of humans, and pathological forces 1,3,[5][6][7]13 which affect the foot. In general, the main principle in the design of CMI is the correction of deformities, 1,3,[7][8][9] reductions of painful symptoms, [3][4][5]…”

“…In general, the main principle in the design of CMI is the correction of deformities, 1,3,[7][8][9] reductions of painful symptoms, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and adequate load distribution. 1,3,6,8,12 Pain in the lower limbs and muscle fatigue are characteristic symptoms of flat feet. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] These severe accompanying phenomena make ordinary life miserable and are why a person seeks professional help.…”

“…1,3,6,8,12 Pain in the lower limbs and muscle fatigue are characteristic symptoms of flat feet. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] These severe accompanying phenomena make ordinary life miserable and are why a person seeks professional help. 3 An insole must bear the oftenextreme loads 3,8,9 in athletes.…”

“…3 An insole must bear the oftenextreme loads 3,8,9 in athletes. 1,12,[15][16][17][18] Therefore, comfort evaluation is essential 8 because the perception of poor comfort 6 may lead to poor user compliance. 30,31 Other crucial things are the correct shoe size, adequate space 19 for the exact insole inside, which is in contact 5,8,18 with the foot during all dynamic and postural movements, 9 such as standing, walking, and running.…”

“…5, It is precisely for this purpose that digitizing dimensions is of great importance. 1,12 Several studies 1,3,6,15,[18][19][20] have investigated whether 3D-printed CMIs can reduce metatarsal pressure by distributing it over the midfoot. 3,12 They reported a reduction in damage to symptomatic flat feet.…”