Photoinduced absorption in a planar BTO/BSO waveguide

The growth of photorefractive planar BTO/BSO and BTO/BGO waveguide

“…A slow prolonged component of light-induced absorption is observed both for TM 0 and TM 7 modes. However, this component causes the decrease in light absorption for TM 0 mode and growth for TM 7 mode at t4200 s: It is assumed [9,10] that the defect donor and trap centers are responsible for light-induced absorption in sillenite crystals. The observed distinctions indicate that these centers have an inhomogeneous distribution on the depth of epitaxial structure BTO:Cu/BSO.…”

“…Bi 12 -TiO 20 (BTO) is a photorefractive crystal, which has numerous applications in two-beam coupling, and four-wave mixing experiments. The light propagation through photorefractive waveguide can give rise to extend the light band intensity, which is important for development of integrated optic modulator [1][2][3][4].…”

The fabrication of planar waveguides on Bi12TiO20 crystals by oxygen and helium ion implantation

“…Waveguide properties of BTO films were reported in [7][8][9][10]. Many scientists focus on doping research aspects for modifying the properties of BTO crystals.…”

Photorefractive Waveguides

“…For the latter, electrooptic and nonlinear optical properties have been proved [143]. Two-wave mixing in planar BTO waveguides grown on BGO and BSO substrates by LPE has been observed in [144,145]. To improve the photorefractive properties of these BTO waveguides, the melts have been doped with d-(Cu, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni), p-(Ga) and s-(Ca) elements of the periodic table.…”