Photon avalanche in Tm doped CdF₂

Abstract

The spectroscopic and dynamic studies of the Tm3+ doped cadmium fluoride show the existence of a 450 nm emission (ID2 + 3F4 transition), excited around 650 nm (3H4 .+ ID2 transition) by a tunable laser. The presence of a power threshold for the density of excitation allows to establish that the upconversion mechanism is the photon-avalanche process.