Photonic Assemblies of Randomly Oriented Nanocrystals for Engineered Nonlinear and Electro-Optic Effects

Vogler-Neuling, Viola V.; Karvounis, Artemios; Morandi, Andrea; Weigand, Helena; Dénervaud, Eric; Grange, Rachel

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00081

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Recently, large electro-optical effects were reported for crystalline BaTiO 3 on silicon. 53 BaTiO 3 metasurfaces, based on nanoparticle thin films, and realized by top-down approaches, 57 have been also recently introduced as an alternative to overcome the bottom-up nanofabrication challenges described in the next section.…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Linbomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precise positioning of nanoparticles is another issue, and only recently viable routes were demonstrated, for example, by parallel capillary stamping 88 and by imprinting or FIB-structuring of spin-coated nanoparticle films, where the randomly oriented nanoparticles are embedded inside a highindex filling material forming a nonlinear composite. 57 Hence, even when starting initially from bottom-up synthesis, for applications relying on the deterministic location of nanoresonators, FIB-and EBL-based approaches currently represent the most promising and reliable techniques.…”

Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo 3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has been demonstrated that, even for a larger particle size (about 300 nm), bottom-up approaches can affect the crystalline structure, leading to a different crystallographic orientation at the surface compared to the bulk. , This might favor spurious surface effects and reduce the effective nonlinearity. Precise positioning of nanoparticles is another issue, and only recently viable routes were demonstrated, for example, by parallel capillary stamping and by imprinting or FIB-structuring of spin-coated nanoparticle films, where the randomly oriented nanoparticles are embedded inside a high-index filling material forming a nonlinear composite . Hence, even when starting initially from bottom-up synthesis, for applications relying on the deterministic location of nanoresonators, FIB- and EBL-based approaches currently represent the most promising and reliable techniques.…”

Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

et al. 2022

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The rapid development of optical metasurfaces, 2D ensembles of engineered nanostructures, is presently underpinning a steady drive toward the miniaturization of many optical functionalities and devices. The list of material platforms for optical metasurfaces is rapidly expanding as, over the past few years, we have witnessed a surge in establishing meta-optical elements from high-index, highly transparent materials with strong nonlinear and electro-optic properties. In particular, crystalline lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), already a prime material for integrated photonics, has shown great promise for novel meta-optical components, thanks to its large electro-optical coefficient and secondorder nonlinear response and its broad transparency window ranging from the visible to the mid-infrared. Recent advances in nanofabrication technology have indeed marked a new milestone in the miniaturization of LiNbO 3 platforms, hence enabling the first demonstrations of LiNbO 3 -based metasurfaces. These seminal works set a steppingstone toward the realization of ultrathin monolithic nonlinear light sources, efficient quantum sources of correlated photon pairs, as well as electro-optical modulators. Here, we review these recent advances by providing a perspective on their potential applications and examining the possible setbacks and limitations of these emerging technologies.

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Section: Optical Properties Of Linbomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo 3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanofabrication Of Linbo3 Meta-structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

et al. 2022

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“…Photorefractive crystals PhRCs are part of the broad nonlinear materials spectrum that has attracted much attention in recent decades due to their excellent optical properties [1][2][3][4]. They are recognized to have a great diversity of applications such as high-density holographic data recording [5,6] micro and nano-particle manipulation [7], construction of holographic diffraction gratings [8], and optical waveguides [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to spatial self-phase modulation of a Gaussian beam by a photorefractive crystal

Navarro¹,

Torres²,

Mendoza-Castro³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The phase shift induced on a Gaussian beam interacting with a nonlinear medium determines the far field diffraction pattern characteristics. It is usual to consider that the induced phase shift by a nonlinear media is due only to the effects of the radius of curvature of the wavefront and the modulation of the refractive index triggered by the Gaussian intensity distribution of the incident beam. Accordingly, these equations have limited applicability when the nonlinear medium is a photorefractive crystal PRC. In this contribution, the equations are derived considering the influence of the photorefractive phenomenon on the induced phase shift. The Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory is used to obtain the intensity distribution of the far-field diffraction pattern of a Gaussian beam propagating through a photorefractive crystal. Simulations of this effect are presented and discussed.

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“…Therefore, alternative approaches using nanoparticles and sol−gel synthesis techniques provide a valuable platform for investigating nanostructures in BTO. 16 This article is licensed under CC-BY 4 The combination of plasmonic gratings and BTO nanoparticles has been shown to enable enhanced electro-optic modulation. However, these devices suffer from optical losses caused by the presence of gold electrodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoimprinting Solution-Derived Barium Titanate for Electro-Optic Metasurfaces

Weigand,

Talts,

Vieli

et al. 2024

Nano Lett.

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Electro-optic metasurfaces have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the modulation speed and efficiency for fast and large-scale freespace optical devices. Barium titanate has a strong electro-optic Pockels coefficient, but its availability in thin-film form is restricted due to costly growth processes or low thickness. Here, we fabricated active metasurfaces using an etch-free bottom-up process with sol−gel-based polycrystalline barium titanate with a large electro-optic coefficient similar to bulk lithium niobate. We achieve strong hybrid Mie/surface lattice resonances with a quality-factor of 200 at 633 nm wavelength, enhancing the light−matter interaction and therefore the Pockels effect. The metasurface transmission is electro-optically modulated with up to 5 MHz driving frequency at low voltages of less than 1 V thanks to resonant enhancement of the modulation amplitude by 2 orders of magnitude. This successful demonstration of electro-optic modulation in nanoimprinted barium titanate structures paves the way for low-cost and large-scale free-space modulators or tunable metalenses.

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Photonic Assemblies of Randomly Oriented Nanocrystals for Engineered Nonlinear and Electro-Optic Effects

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics

Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to spatial self-phase modulation of a Gaussian beam by a photorefractive crystal

Nanoimprinting Solution-Derived Barium Titanate for Electro-Optic Metasurfaces

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