“…The PBG of photonic crystals depends on several parameters, including the refractive index, the rods' radius, and the structure's lattice constant [7]. Optimizing these parameters can lead to the creation of photonic crystals with wide and robust bandgaps, which can be useful for designing all-optical devices such as filters [8,9], sensors [10], logic gates [11,12], switches [13,14], multiplexers/de-multiplexers [15], etc. Various mechanisms for designing optical gates have been proposed, such as waveguide interferometers [16] and semiconductor optical amplifiers [17].…”