Photosensitive Chitosan-Based Injectable Hydrogel Chemically Cross-Linked by Perylene Bisimide Dopamine with Robust Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Enhancer Properties for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Here, we report the fabrication of an antioxidant photosensitizing hydrogel system based on chitosan (CS-Cy/PBI-DOPA) covalently cross-linked with perylene bisimide dopamine (PBI-DOPA) as a photosensitizer. The severe insolubility and low tumor selectivity limitations of perylene were overcome by conjugation with dopamine and then to the chitosan hydrogel. The mechanical and rheological study of CS-Cy/PBI-DOPA photodynamic antioxidant hydrogels illustrated interconnected microporous morphologies with high elasticity, swelling ability, and suitable shear-thinning behavior. Bio-friendly properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, excellent singlet oxygen production abilities, and antioxidant properties were also delivered. The antioxidant effects of the hydrogels control the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photochemical reactions in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which are responsible for oxidative damage to tumor cells while protecting normal cells and tissues from ROS damage, including blood and endothelial cells. In vitro, PDT tests of hydrogels were conducted on two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. These hydrogels offered more than 90% cell viability in the dark and good photocytotoxicity performance with 53 and 43% cell death for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which confirmed their promising potential for cancer therapeutic applications.

A panoramic perspective of recent progress in 2D and 3D covalent organic frameworks for drug delivery

“…This makes them applicable in biomedicine, catalysis, energy, and absorption. [11,12] As a subgroup of porous organic polymers, COFs exhibit well-organized porous structure, superb binding sites, high chemical and thermal stability, large surface area, and low density due to their fully pre-designable structures containing covalent bonds involving light elements (C, B, O, and N). [13] Factors such as the size, linker's connection, and symmetry determine the geometry of COFs.…”

Structure and Photonic Properties of a Perylenediimide Monolayer Assembled by the Langmuir–Blodgett Technique

“…It can be incorporated into polymers to form polymer films employed for solar cells or used as a film to obtain fluorescence sensors . The large absorption band of PDI derivative and its high photostability make it suitable for photocatalysis or photodynamic therapy . Thus, from a more fundamental point of view, PDI compounds simultaneously became essential scientific paradigms both in the context of solid-state electronic , and photonic , processes and of self-organization through 3D mesophases , or 2D surface self-assembly. , The optical responses of PDIs are the result of a complex and subtle interplay between molecule–substrate and molecule–molecule interactions of electronic or electromagneticespecially near-fieldnature.…”