Photosensitized cationic polymerization using N-ethoxy-2-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate

Yaǧcı, Yusuf; Lukáč, Ivan; Schnabel, W.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(93)90762-y

Cited by 91 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since Crivello described in his seminal papers [125][126][127] the use of iodonium and sulfonium salts as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization, a variety of new onium salts have been developed (Chart 2). [128][129][130][131][132][133][134] Among them, the onium-type photoinitiators such as iodonium, 125 sulfonium, 127,129 and alkoxypyridinium 128,135,136 salts are important due to their thermal stability, solubility in most of the cationically polymerizable monomers, and efficiency in generating reactive species upon photolysis. 137 Moreover, they possess high photolysis quantum yields and are efficient photoinitiators of cationic polymerization when irradiation is carried out using light in the short-to mid-wavelength UV regions (230-300 nm).…”

Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number of applications in not only conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. In this Perspective, the latest developments in photoinitiating systems for free radical and cationic polymerizations are presented. The potential use of photochemical methods for step-growth polymerization is also highlighted. The goal is, furthermore, to show approaches to overcome problems associated with the efficiency, wavelength flexibility, and environmental and safety issues in all photoinitiating systems for different modes of activation. Much progress has been made in the past 10 years in the preparation of complex and nanostructured macromolecules by using photoinitiated polymerizations. Thus, the new and emerging applications of photoinitiated polymerizations in the field of biomaterials, surface modification, preparation of block and graft copolymers, and nanocomposites have been addressed.

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Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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“…A plausible mechanism involves electron transfer from the photoexcited sensitizer to the phosphonium salt (Eq. (8) and (9)) as described for alkoxypyridinium salts 17,18) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate by phosphonium salts

Önen

Arsu

Yaǧcı³

1999

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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The photoinitiated polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) by benzyl triphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (BP+) and (anthracen‐9‐ylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (MAP+) was studied. Zwitterionic and free radical mechanisms which involved homolytic and heterolytic decomposition of the phosphonium salts are discussed. The anthracene‐sensitized photopolymerization of ECA was also demonstrated.

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“…Among them, iodonium and sulfonium salts are the most widely used photoinitiators due to their thermal stability, solubility in most of the cationically polymerizable monomers, and efficiency in generating reactive species upon photolysis [46][47][48]. The photodecomposition and the subsequent reaction of the formed radical cation with solvent or monomer lead to the formation of Bronsted acid, H + , which is responsible for the initiation as presented on the example of diaryliodonium salts in Scheme 5.…”

Section: Photoinduced Metal Free Cationic Polymerization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Metal Free Living Radical and Cationic Polymerizations

Çiftçi

Yılmaz

Yaǧcı

2017

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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Although conventional photoinitiated radical and cationic polymerizations are widely used in many industrial applications, they usually proceed in an uncontrolled manner. Recent developments in photomediated living/controlled radical and cationic polymerization made it possible to prepare various well-defined polymers with complex architecture under mild conditions. Various methods described for cationic and radical polymerization utilizes metal or Lewis acid catalysts. Several strategies eliminating the use of such additives in photoinduced controlled/living radical and cationic polymerizations have been developed. This article describes various photoinitiation systems acting in UV-vis range. Their mechanistic details are also evaluated and several specific examples involving combination both free radical and cationic routes are presented.

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Photosensitized cationic polymerization using N-ethoxy-2-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate

Cited by 91 publications

References 18 publications

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Photoinitiated polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate by phosphonium salts

Photoinitiated Metal Free Living Radical and Cationic Polymerizations

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