Photosynthetic characteristics of non‐foliar organs in main C₃ cereals

Abstract

Photosynthesis in non-foliar organs plays an important role in crop growth and productivity, and it has received considerable research attention in recent years. However, compared with the capability of photosynthetic CO fixation in leaves, the distinct attributes of photosynthesis in the non-foliar organs of wheat (a C species) are unclear. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the photosynthetic characteristics of non-foliar organs in wheat. Compared with leaves, non-foliar organs had a higher capacity to refix respired CO , higher tolerance to environmental stresses and slower terminal senescence after anthesis. Additionally, whether C photosynthetic metabolism exists in the non-foliar organs of wheat is discussed, as is the advantage of photosynthesis in non-foliar organs during times of abiotic stress. Introducing the photosynthesis-related genes of C plants into wheat, which are specifically expressed in non-foliar organs, can be a promising approach for improving wheat productivity.

An in situ approach for characterizing photosynthetic gas exchange of rice panicle

“…Reproductive organs of cereal crops have been shown been photosynthetically active, and photosynthesis in ear of wheat and barley has attracted great research interest [12,13]. Current high-yield rice cultivars usually has much bigger ears with numerous spikelets compared with wheat or barley.…”

“…the ear surface areas were 1.1-5.5 folds greater than that of the corresponding flag leaves in wheat and barley [6]; 4) reproductive organs tend to senesce later than leaves, especially under adverse conditions such as drought [10,11]. Due to these reasons, photosynthesis of reproductive organs gained more attraction in recent years (see review in [12,13]).…”

“…Although photosynthesis of reproductive organs could be important for grain filling, so far our knowledge on photosynthesis of reproductive organs is rather limited, largely due to methodological limitations in dealing with the complex three-dimensional geometry of reproductive organs [12,20,21]. Many indirect methods have been developed to study of reproductive organs [21], e.g.…”

“…temperature and air humidity) and physiological processes other than photosynthesis (e.g. assimilates transport and ear night respiration) during the whole grain filling season [12,19,20]. Gas exchange measurement on excised ears or spikelets is an intrusive method; furthermore, this measurement might cause bias due to an alteration of ear natural architecture and posture [25].…”

Photosynthesis—European Congress on Photosynthesis Research

“…The articles in this Special Issue range from original articles applying sophisticated biophysical methods (Yakovlev et al , Sipka et al , Capone et al ) and theoretical and experimental consideration on the water‐splitting complex (Capone et al 2019, Yamaguchi et al , Chatterjee et al ) and photosystem I (Santabarbara et al ) to more integrated aspects of photosynthesis research (Buezo et al , Hamdani et al , Ptushenko and Ptushenko , Hernández‐Prieto et al , Krieger‐Liszkay et al ). A number of articles treat regulatory aspects of photosystem II (Shevela et al ), the plastoquinone pool (Borisova‐Mubarakshina et al ), cytochrome c (Bernal‐Bayard et al ), redox regulation (Nikkanen et al ), photoacclimation (Hu et al ) and photorespiration (García‐Caledrón et al ). The growing interest in structural aspects is shown by articles on the dynamics of the thylakoid membrane (Solovchenko et al , Konert et al , Ughy et al ) and of specific proteins (Carius et al , Vojta and Fulgosi ), protein complexes (Kuthanová Trsková et al , Fedorov et al ) and the antenna (Albanese et al , Kuthanová Trsková et al 2019).…”