Photothermal-induced temperature changes in a model inner ear: a comparison of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet lasers

A femtosecond laser, normally used for LASIK eye surgery, is used to perforate cadaveric human stapes. The thermal side effects of bone ablation are measured with a thermocouple in an inner ear model and are found to be within acceptable limits for inner ear surgery. Stress and acoustic events, recorded with piezoelectric film and a microphone, respectively, are found to be negligible. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical coherence tomography are used to confirm the precision of the ablation craters and lack of damage to the surrounding tissue. Ablation is compared to that from an Er:YAG laser, the current laser of choice for stapedotomy, and is found to be superior. Ultra-short-pulsed lasers offer a precise and efficient ablation of the stapes, with minimal thermal and negligible mechanical and acoustic damage. They are, therefore, ideal for stapedotomy operations.

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“…13 The spiral scanning pattern has been simplified to a ring of increasing radius x such that

x \propto \sqrt{t}

. Solving Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further details see Ref. 13. A type E, beaded, 24AWG glass braid insulated wire thermocouple (Omega Co., Stamford, Connecticut) connected to an integrated signal conditioning data acquisition module (NI-USB 9211A, National Instruments, Austin, Texas) was used to measure the temperature in the model vestibule.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser ablation of the stapes

et al. 2009

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Measurement of Acoustic Transients During Pulsed Holmium:YAG Laser Ablation of Cadaveric Human Temporal Bone

Wong

Gibbs

Neev³

et al. 2000

Lasers Med Sci

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Pulsed infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) lasers have been suggested for use in middle ear surgery due to potential fiberoptic delivery, decreased thermal trauma and precise ablation characteristics. Although attention has been focused on the thermal and photoacoustic events that occur during pulsed laser ablation of hard tissue, there are few studies which evaluate the acoustic energy generated from these devices from an audiological standpoint. In this study, the mastoid cavities of cadaveric human temporal bones were irradiated with a holmium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Ho:YAG) laser (λ=2.12 µm) using the following parameters: 5, 10, and 15 Hz pulse repetition rate and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 W average power. During ablation, acoustic measurements were made using a sound level meter positioned 5 cm away from the target site. With each set of laser parameters, the sound intensity exceeded 85 dB (dBA scale). Peak intensities of 125 dB were measured, and a saturation effect noted above 4 W or 500 mJ/pulse. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed and the acoustical aspects of middle ear function and noise trauma are reviewed.

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Three-dimensional confocal thermal imaging using anti-Stokes luminescence

Kachynski

Kuzmin

Pudavar

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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High-resolution thermal images of dye-stained live cells are obtained using confocal anti-Stokes luminescence on a confocal laser scanning microscope. Stokes and anti-Stokes fluorescence signal ratio imaging, using dual laser excitation with a fast alternate line scan, is used to monitor dynamical temperature changes at submicrometer resolution. Temperature mapping of a dye-doped polymer film with local heating is shown as an example. Three-dimensional mapping of local temperature changes in living cells induced by an external laser as the heating source, is obtained with temperature resolution better than 0.5 K.

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Photothermal-induced temperature changes in a model inner ear: a comparison of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet lasers

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Femtosecond laser ablation of the stapes

Femtosecond laser ablation of the stapes

Measurement of Acoustic Transients During Pulsed Holmium:YAG Laser Ablation of Cadaveric Human Temporal Bone

Three-dimensional confocal thermal imaging using anti-Stokes luminescence

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