1999
DOI: 10.1201/b12389
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Photovoltaic Systems Engineering

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Cited by 177 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…An MPP tracker should constantly ensure that a PV module is at its MPP; this is realized by power electronic circuits, in which pulse-width modulation techniques are employed with a feedback loop to sense PV output power upon changing the voltage over the module or system until maximum power is reached [14,15]. Here also DC-DC converters (buck-boost, boost-buck) are used: low-power inverters use metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) thyristors in high-power applications, and typical efficiencies are 98% [15]. DC-AC conversion can be achieved on the basis of square wave, sine or modified sine wave, or pulse-width modulated inverters [15].…”
Section: Invertersmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…An MPP tracker should constantly ensure that a PV module is at its MPP; this is realized by power electronic circuits, in which pulse-width modulation techniques are employed with a feedback loop to sense PV output power upon changing the voltage over the module or system until maximum power is reached [14,15]. Here also DC-DC converters (buck-boost, boost-buck) are used: low-power inverters use metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) thyristors in high-power applications, and typical efficiencies are 98% [15]. DC-AC conversion can be achieved on the basis of square wave, sine or modified sine wave, or pulse-width modulated inverters [15].…”
Section: Invertersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Operation temperature and the rate of charge and discharge affect the performance and lifetime of a battery. The overall efficiency of charging and discharging is about 90% [15]. Usually slow discharge rates lead to longer lifetimes, while at low temperatures, discharge rates can decrease considerably.…”
Section: Batteriesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diversas metodologias de mapeamento da ZND foram propostas na literatura técnica. O plano ∆𝑃 x ∆𝑄, por exemplo, relaciona as parcelas de potência ativa e reativa que fluem da rede para as cargas locais na iminência da desconexão [23].…”
Section: A Zona De Não Detecção (Znd)unclassified
“…Globally, there is a growing utilisation of PV modules for electricity generation compared to other renewable energy technologies [133]. The design and material parameters of a PV module influence the power characteristics of the array [134]. Although both mono-crystalline and polycrystalline PV modules [18] are currently in use, the prospects of perovskite solar cells appear to be changing the landscape of PV power generation [135,136].…”
Section: Advances In the Materials For Ipvfc Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%