Phthalate Esters from Packaged Milk and Associated Human Health Risk: A Monte Carlo Probabilistic Simulation Approach

Investigation and Quantification of Phthalate Esters in Packaged Milk: A Study in Türkiye

“…When assessing the samples for compliance with the SML, it was found that the commercial milk samples did not exceed the SML for DEHP. Similar to the current study, DEHP levels in milk samples in plastic bottles were reported to be 198.84-622.37 ng/L by Dobaradaran et al (2020), 41.3-228.6 ng/L by Mondal et al (2022), ND-0.154 mg/kg by Kim et al (2009).There are also some studies that detected higher DEHP levels, 25.0-247.0 µg/L by Selvaraj et al (2016), 1.0-936.0 µg/L by Jia et al(2014), 187.0-201.0 µg/L by Farajzadeh et al (2012), 13.14-242.39 µg/L by Feng et al(2005). The PAE level of the same brand of flavored whole milks was statistically higher than the semiskimmed unflavored milks (P<0.05).…”

“…Similar to reported findings of Lin et al (2015) reported that the BBP levels in three milk brands in plastic bottles ranged from ND-0.00 ng/L, <LOD (4.0 µg/L) by Sørensen (2006). There are also some studies that detected higher BBP level in milk samples 19.0-85.0 µg/L by Jia et al (2014), ND-21.0 µg/L by Selvaraj et al (2016), and ND-46.1 by Mondal et al (2022). The DEP levels of whole milk (unflavored), strawberry flavored milk, cocoa flavored milk, banana flavored milk, semi-skimmed milk (unflavored) was detected to be within the range of ND-54.67 µg/L, ND-4.55 µg/L, ND-4.37 µg/L, ND-11.22 µg/L, and ND-9.51 µg/L, respectively.…”

“…On the other hand, studies conducted by Selvaraj et al (2016) and Jia et al (2014) have reported concentrations ranging from 0.43 µg/L to 54.3 µg/L and 13.0 µg/L, respectively, indicating the presence of the compound in those samples. Additionally, studies by Dobaradaran et al (2020) and Mondal et al (2022) have reported higher values ranging from ND to 16.24 ng/L and ND to 33.3 ng/L, respectively. These variations in results highlight the importance of considering different factors such as sample collection methods, analytical techniques, and geographical variations when comparing findings across studies.…”

“…When samples were evaluated for specific migration limits, commercial milk samples did not exceed the SML for DBP. When current studies are evaluated, DBP levels in plastic bottled milk samples were reported to be 105.0-498.0 ng/L by Dobaradaran et al (2020), 3.30-150.2 ng/L by Mondal et al (2022), 0.43-54.3 µg/L by Selvaraj et al (2016), 99.0 µg/L by Kim et al (2009), 4.0-10.0 µg/L by Feng et al (2005). The levels of DINP in the different milk samples varied.…”

Determination of Phthalate Esters in Beverages and Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

“…The detection of phthalates in freshly packaged milk samples is due to the contribution of severals factors along the processing chain. Mechanical milking, phthalate containing cattle feeds, commercial feeds, packaging materials and water source are the main sources of phthalate contaminations at both farm and industrial level [43][44][45]. Studies conducted in China, Iran and India have revealed higher concentrations of phthalates in packaged milk samples compared to raw milk samples, suggesting that the production and packaging process contribute to this contamination [45][46][47].…”