Phylogenetic analyses reveal high levels of polyphyly among pleurocarpous lineages as well as novel clades

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Phylogenetic analyses of the Hypnales usually show the same picture of poorly resolved trees with a large number of polyphyletic taxa and low support for the few reconstructed clades. One odd clade, however, consisting of three genera that are currently treated either within the Leskeaceae (Miyabea) or Neckeraceae (Homaliadelphus and Bissetia), was retrieved in a previously published phylogeny based on chloroplast rbcL. In order to elucidate the reliability of the observed Homaliadelphus -Miyabea -Bissetia -clade (HMB-clade) and to reveal its phylogenetic relationships a molecular study based on a representative set of hypnalean taxa was performed. Sequence data from all three genomes, namely the ITS1 and 2 (nuclear), the trnS-rps4-trnT-trnL-trnF cluster (plastid), the nad5 intron (mitochondrial), were analyzed. Although the phylogenetic reconstruction of the combined data set was not fully resolved regarding the backbone it clearly indicated the polyphyletic nature of various hypnalean families, such as the Leskeaceae, Hypnaceae, Hylocomiaceae, Neckeraceae, Leptodontaceae and Anomodontaceae with respect to the included taxa. In addition the results favor the inclusion of the Leptodontaceae and Thamnobryaceae in the Neckeraceae. The maximally supported HMB-clade consisting of the three genera Homaliadelphus (2-3 species), Miyabea (3 species) and Bissetia (1 species) is resolved sister to a so far unnamed clade comprising Taxiphyllum aomoriense, Glossadelphus ogatae and Leptopterigynandrum. The well-resolved and supported HMBclade, here formally described as the Miyabeaceae, fam. nov. is additionally supported by morphological characters such as strongly incrassate, porose leaf cells, a relatively weak and diffuse costa and the presence of dwarf males. The latter are absent in the Neckeraceae and the Leskeaceae. It is essentially an East Asian family, with one species occurring in North America.

The genus Leptopterigynandrum (Taxiphyllaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia

“…Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have found Lep- 1 mm The genus Leptopterigynandrum (Taxiphyllaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia topterigynandrum in a quite unrelated position to this family and revealed its affinity to Taxiphyllum and Glossadelphus ogatae Broth. & Yasuda (Ignatov et al, 2007;Troitsky et al, 2008;Olsson et al, 2009). Close relationship of Taxiphyllum and Glossadelphus ogatae was found by Tsubota et al, 2004) and Arikawa et al (2008) who also added to this group Hondaella.…”

20,000 species and five key markers: The status of molecular bryophyte phylogenetics

“…The combination of primers trnL_P6/7 (reverse) and rps4_166F (Hernandez-Maqueda et al 2008b) in rps4 substitutes the traditional Taberlet (1991) amplification strategy by producing an amplicon that includes the spacers trnT-L and rps4-trnT UGU (rps4-trnT spacer) and thus closes the gap between trnT and rps4 (e.g. Hernandez-Maqueda et al 2008a,b;Olsson et al 2009aOlsson et al ,b,c, 2010.…”

“…Although most studies used the rpl16 G2 intron at the genus or higher taxonomic levels (e.g. Shaw 2000; Harris 2008;Huttunen et al 2008;Olsson et al 2009aOlsson et al ,b, 2010, it is increasingly becoming a marker for systematic and phylogeographic analyses of single or closely related species, even among the Hypnales (e.g. Hedenäs & Eldenäs 2007;Hedenäs 2008Hedenäs , 2009Olsson et al 2009c;Sotiaux et al 2009).…”

Evolution of the Neckeraceae (Bryophyta): Resolving the backbone phylogeny

“…More analyses are needed to provide reliable answers addressing the evolution of the Hypnales. Although few sister-group relationships are resolved among the Hypnales, previous analyses highly support a close relationship between the Neckeraceae and the Lembophyllaceae Quandt et al, 2009), even if the current circumscription of the Neckeraceae is challenged Tsubota et al, 2002;Ignatov et al, 2007;Olsson et al, 2009).…”