Phylogenetic groups, serogroups and virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Baghdad, Iraq

Mohammed, Eman Jassim; Hasan, Kadhim Ch.; Allami, Mohammed

doi:10.18502/ijm.v14i4.10230

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Certain virulence genes have been positively associated with large, transmissible plasmids encoding multidrug resistance (MDR) in ExPEC, high prevalence of the fyuA and ituA genes was observed in our study in the strains producing MDR/ESBLs. These results coincide with several investigations, which reported that UPEC fitness is not affected by genomic diversity, presence of virulence factors and production of ESBL, on the contrary, these genetic characteristics are an advantage for the dissemination of some clones of epidemiological importance ( 41 – 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Montes-Robledo,

Buelvas-Montes,

Baldiris-Avila

2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a recently recognized and highly diverse pathotype of E. coli. Its significance as a pathogen has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent and multi- drug-resistant (MDR) strains. The aim of this study was to characterize ExPEC isolates from humans based on their phylo- genetic group, virulence factor profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and Methods: The isolates were collected from patients with extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli, includ- ing urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and surgical site infections. The E. coli phylogenetic groups were determined using multiplex PCR. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for their biofilm-forming abilities, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and presence of virulence genes. Results: In this study, the isolates were classified into four phylogenetic groups: A (48.3%), B2 (25.8%), D (19.35%), and B1 (6.45%). All isolates exhibited at least one of the ten analyzed virulence factors. However, there was no direct evidence linking a specific phylogenetic group to a particular virulence factor. Nevertheless, the presence of the fimH, fyuA, ompT, traT, and kpsMTII virulence genes was correlated with the production of strong biofilms, multidrug resistance (MDR), and the production of alpha hemolysin. Conclusion: This study provides a description of the phylogenetic groups in ExPEC and their potential association with virulence factor profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Montes-Robledo,

Buelvas-Montes,

Baldiris-Avila

2023

IJM

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“…The most common type of β-lactamase produced by UPEC is CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), which hydrolyses third generation cephalosporins and monobactams as well as other β-lactams [ 166 ]. A recent study by Mohammed et al (2022) found that ESBL production was positively associated with certain serotypes, namely O8, O15, O21, O22, and O25 while being negatively associated with serogroups O1, O4, O7, and O16 [ 53 ]. Additionally, ampicillin resistance has been found to be significantly higher among serogroups O15 and O22 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The O antigen is particularly variable, and currently there are 186 recognized O serotypes of E. coli [ 49 ]. Among these, the majority of UPEC belong to serogroups O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O14, O15, O16, O18, O21, O22, O25, O75, and O83 [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Among these O25, O15, and O8 are more frequently detected, although specific distribution is subject to geographical location and patient population [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the majority of UPEC belong to serogroups O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O14, O15, O16, O18, O21, O22, O25, O75, and O83 [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Among these O25, O15, and O8 are more frequently detected, although specific distribution is subject to geographical location and patient population [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Apropos to this, numerous investigations have established associations linking virulence, antibiotic resistance, and distinct serogroups [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], underscoring the utility of this serotyping approach for epidemiological surveillance across diverse locales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment

Whelan,

Lucey,

Finn

2023

Microorganisms

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, especially among women and older adults, leading to a significant global healthcare cost burden. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause and accounts for the majority of community-acquired UTIs. Infection by UPEC can cause discomfort, polyuria, and fever. More serious clinical consequences can result in urosepsis, kidney damage, and death. UPEC is a highly adaptive pathogen which presents significant treatment challenges rooted in a complex interplay of molecular factors that allow UPEC to evade host defences, persist within the urinary tract, and resist antibiotic therapy. This review discusses these factors, which include the key genes responsible for adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition. Additionally, it addresses antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal gene mutations, antibiotic deactivating enzymes, drug efflux, and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking analysis of emerging alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, nano-formulations, and interventions based on nanomaterials, as well as vaccines and strategies for immunomodulation. This review underscores the continued need for research into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance in the treatment of UPEC, as well as the need for clinically guided treatment of UTIs, particularly in light of the rapid spread of multidrug resistance.

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“…In epidemiological studies, knowledge of the O-serogroups can help identify pathogenic lineages, classify E. coli for epidemiological studies, and identify outbreaks of diseases ( 32 ). Importantly, the relationship between antibiotic resistance and serogroups and virulence factors of E. coli was discovered in different disease conditions, such as children with septicemia ( 33 ), patients with urinary tract infection ( 34 ), and hospitalized patients ( 35 ). Nevertheless, similar studies on calf diarrhea are relatively limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics strategy reveals potential role of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes responsible for Simmental diarrheic calves caused by Escherichia coli

Shi,

Lan,

Wang

et al. 2024

mSystems

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Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is reported to be an important pathogen associated with calf diarrhea. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) pose a considerable threat to both animal and human health. However, little is known about the characterization of ARGs and VFGs presented in the gut microbiota of diarrheic calves caused by E. coli . In this study, we used multi-omics strategy to analyze the ARG and VFG profiles of Simmental calves with diarrhea caused by E. coli K99. We found that gut bacterial composition and their microbiome metabolic functions varied greatly in diarrheic calves compared to healthy calves. In total, 175 ARGs were identified, and diarrheal calves showed a significantly higher diversity and abundance of ARGs than healthy calves. Simmental calves with diarrhea showed higher association of VFGs with pili function, curli assembly, and ferrienterobactin transport of E. coli . Co-occurrence patterns based on Pearson correlation analysis revealed that E. coli had a highly significant ( P < 0.0001) correlation coefficient (>0.8) with 16 ARGs and 7 VFGs. Metabolomics analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites in Simmental calves with diarrhea displayed a high correlation with the aforementioned ARGs and VFGs. Phylotype analysis of E. coli genomes showed that the predominant phylogroup B1 in diarrheic Simmental calves was associated with 10 ARGs and 3 VFGs. These findings provide an overview of the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in diarrheic calves caused by E. coli and pave the way for further studies on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in the calves affected with diarrhea. IMPORTANCE Simmental is a well-recognized beef cattle breed worldwide. They also suffer significant economic losses due to diarrhea. In this study, fecal metagenomic analysis was applied to characterize the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and virulence factor gene (VFG) profiles of diarrheic Simmental calves. We identified key ARGs and VFGs correlated with Escherichia coli isolated from Simmental calves. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites in Simmental calves with diarrhea displayed a high correlation with the aforementioned ARGs and VFGs. Our findings provide an insight into the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in diarrheic calves caused by Escherichia coli and pave the way for further studies on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in the diarrheal calves from cattle hosts.

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Phylogenetic groups, serogroups and virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment

Multi-omics strategy reveals potential role of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes responsible for Simmental diarrheic calves caused by Escherichia coli

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