Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera

Abstract

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Reclustering the cluster flies (Diptera: Oestroidea, Polleniidae)

“…The total evidence and nearly all the molecular-based phylogenetic analyses retrieved members of the former calliphorid subfamily Polleniinae as sister to Tachinidae, corroborating the results by Singh & Wells (2013), Winkler et al (2015), Cerretti et al (2017), Blaschke et al (2018), Stireman et al (2019) and Kutty et al (2019). This clade is also consistently reconstructed as distinct from the nonpolleniine calliphorid clades with strong statistical support.…”

“…As a consequence of the lack of adult unique autapomorphies, over the last few decades the family Rhinophoridae has gained and lost taxa based on the re-evaluation of key adult morphological characters and the discovery and study of preimaginal stages (Table 1). Recently, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions carried out using multiple genes have converged towards a monophyletic Rhinophoridae, generally confirming family reassignments made on morphological grounds (Winkler et al, 2015;Cerretti et al, 2017;Kutty et al, 2019; but see Kutty et al, 2010).…”

“…The oestroid flies (Fig. 1) is one such group, a megadiverse clade of Diptera and one of the dominant insect groups in terrestrial environments, whose diversity is parallelled by astoundingly disparate life histories (Pape, 1992;Marshall, 2012;Cerretti et al, 2017;Courtney et al, 2017;Kutty et al, 2019). Pollenia and relatives were traditionally grouped with the blow flies, Calliphoridae.…”

“…Pollenia and relatives were traditionally grouped with the blow flies, Calliphoridae. Despite considerable attention due to their ecological, medical, veterinary and forensic relevance, very few attempts have been made at providing a definition of Calliphoridae based on strict monophyly (Kutty et al, 2019). Hennig (1973) suspected that the blow flies in their traditional composition were nonmonophyletic, a hypothesis later elaborated on and strongly corroborated by Rognes (1997), based on morphology, and by Kutty et al (2010), based on molecular data.…”

Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

“…The pregonites of Sarcophaginae are more loosely connected to the hypandrium and probably have some mobility. An assessment of the polarity would require comparisons to the most probable sister taxon, which may be the clade (Oestridae + Mystacinobiidae) (Kutty et al, 2019). Both Mystacinobia zelandica Holloway and the majority of bot flies appear to have the pregonite rigidly connected to the hypandrium (Patton, 1935(Patton, , 1937Grunin, 1965Grunin, , 1966Holloway, 1976: figs 40, 41).…”